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―Better get down to your work, Jack.

―         .

A．It’s my pleasure                               B．Not to mention it

C．Mind your own business                     D．You’re welcome

C
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　　American farmers first planted genetically engineered(GE)crops in 1996．Today eighty percent of the cropland for soybeans, corn and cotton in the United States is transgenic(转基因的)．Genetic engineering adds or changes genes in a plant to produce desired qualities．

　　The United States is one of the twenty-five countries where farmers planted genetically engineered crops in 2009．An agricultural biotechnology group says GE crops planting decreased in Europe．But the amount of cropland planted with GE crops rose by about seven percent worldwide．

　　The National Research Council, part of the National Academies in Washington, recently published a study．The study examined how genetically engineered crops have affected farming in the United States．It found that many farmers have better harvests, better weed control and fewer losses from insect damage compared to traditional crops．

　　LaReesa Wolfenbarger is a University of Nebraska biology professor and a member of the committee that wrote the report．She says they found that genetically engineered crops can be better for the environment．

　　LaReesa Wolfenbarger：“In general, we find that genetically engineered crops have had fewer harmful effects on the environment than non-GE crops produced conventionally．”

　　For example, she noted that crops designed to resist damage by glyphosate(草甘膦)need fewer pesticides(杀虫剂)．Glyphosate is a chemical used in weed killing products．

　　But some farmers have used so much glyphosate that a number of kinds of weeds can now resist it．David Ervin of Portland State University in Oregon led the committee that wrote the report．Professor Ervin says this means that some farmers are again using more poisonous herbicides(除草剂)to control weeds．He says the problem needs immediate attention．

　　Earlier this year, a professor at the University of Western Australia commented on the overuse of glyphosate．Stephen Powles wrote about it in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States．He said glyphosate is as important in worldwide food production as penicillin(青霉素)is in medicine for fighting disease．He called for better use of glyphosate-resistant crop technology．

(1)

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

[　　]

A．

The amount of cropland planted with GE crops increased by seven percent in the US．

B．

The amount of cropland planted with GE crops decreased in Europe．

C．

American farmers first planted GE crops two decades ago．

D．

Eighty percent of the crops in the US are transgenic．

(2)

In comparison with traditional crops, GE crops __________．

[　　]

A．

need better soil

B．

need more glyphosate

C．

can resist insect attacks better

D．

are more likely to be bothered by weeds

(3)

According to David Ervin, __________．

[　　]

A．

to control weeds is quite easy

B．

glyphosate is of little use to planting

C．

glyphosate is as important as penicillin

D．

people should attach great importance to the overuse of herbicides

(4)

The author writes this passage to __________．

[　　]

A．

advise people to stop using pesticides

B．

prove that GE crops have better harvests

C．

call on more countries to plant GE crops

D．

discuss the issues surrounding GE crops

At the age of 11, Peter Lynch started caddying(当球童) at Brae Burn Country Club in Newton, Mass. “It was better than a newspaper carrier, and much more profitable,” the Fidelity vice chairman recalls. He kept it up during the summers for almost a decade. “You get to know the course and can give the golf players advice about how to approach various holes,” he says. “Where else, at age 15 or 16, can you serve as a trusted adviser to high-powered people?”

One of those people was George Sullivan, then president of Fidelity’s funds, who was so impressed with Lynch’s smarts that he hired him in 1966. “There were about 75 applicants for 3 job openings,” Lynch says now. “But I was the only one who had caddied for the president for 10 years.”

In between caddying and managing money, Lynch went to Boston College on a scholarship from a program called the Francis Ouimet Fund. Named after the 1913 winner of the U.S. Open, the fund launched in 1949 which is open to Massachusetts kids only. Ouimet executive director Robert Donovan says, “Help with college is a logical extension of friendly relation between golfers and their favorite caddies, because there is a close tie to train up them to be excellent that happens between the players and the kids who carry their golf poles. And for the teens, caddying is all about being around successful role models.”

It is obvious that caddies who are finally successful include all kinds of outstanding personnel, from actor Bill Murray, to New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, to former GE chairman and CEO Jack Welch.

Of course, the great number of financial giants who caddied in their youth might be coincidence, but Dick Connolly thinks not. “Caddying life teaches you a lot about business, and about life,” he says. “You learn to show up early and look people in the eye when you shake their hand, and you learn how to read people -- including who’s likely to cheat and who isn’t.” Connolly is a longtime investment advisor at Morgan Stanley’s Boston office, a former Ouimet scholarship student and, along with Peter Lynch and Roger Altman, one of the program’s biggest supporters. He wants to share the most important lesson he learned on the links, so he says: “One golfer I caddied for told me that if you want to succeed in any field -- golf or business -- you have to spend a lot of lonely hours, either practicing or working, when you’d rather be partying with your friends. That’s true, and it stuck with me.”

 1.Which of the following may Peter Lynch agree about caddying?

A. He could have a relaxing job as a caddie.

B. He could make more money from the golf players.　　

C. His duty was to advise the players how to play golf.

D. His caddying experiences contributed to his later career.

2.Why was the Francis Ouimet Fund set up to support Massachusetts kids only?

A. Because of the advice from the rich golf players.

B. Because of those giants with caddying experiences.

C. Because of the great success the caddies have achieved.

D. Because of the friendly relation between golfers and their caddies.

3.According to Dick Connolly, caddying experience in your youth_____.

A. helps you learn to live with loneliness

B. teaches you a lot about business and life

C. makes it possible to meet with great people

D. offers you chances to communicate with others

4.Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

A. Legend of Peter Lynch.

B. An introduction of Golf Caddying.

C. Golf Caddying into Future Success.

D. Five Giants with Caddying Experiences.

 

American farmers first planted genetically engineered(GE) crops in 1996.Today eighty percent of the cropland for soybeans, corn and cotton in the United States is transgenic(转基因的).Genetic engineering adds or changes genes in a plant to produce desired qualities.

The United States is one of the twenty-five countries where farmers planted genetically engineered crops in 2009.An agricultural biotechnology group says GE crops planting decreased in Europe. But the amount of cropland planted with GE crops rose by about seven percent worldwide.

The National Research Council, part of the National Academies in Washington, recently published a study. The study examined how genetically engineered crops have affected farming in the United States. It found that many farmers have better harvests, better weed control and fewer losses from insect damage compared to traditional crops.

LaReesa Wolfenbarger is a University of Nebraska biology professor and a member of the committee that wrote the report. She says they found that genetically engineered crops can be better for the environment.

LaReesa Wolfenbarger:“In general, we find that genetically engineered crops have had fewer harmful effects on the environment than non-GE crops produced conventionally.”

For example, she noted that crops designed to resist damage by glyphosate(草甘膦) need fewer pesticides(杀虫剂).Glyphosate is a chemical used in weed killing products.

But some farmers have used so much glyphosate that a number of kinds of weeds can now resist it. David Ervin of Portland State University in Oregon led the committee that wrote the report. Professor Ervin says this means that some farmers are again using more poisonous herbicides(除草剂) to control weeds. He says the problem needs immediate attention.

Earlier this year, a professor at the University of Western Australia commented on the overuse of glyphosate. Stephen Powles wrote about it in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States. He said glyphosate is as important in worldwide food production as penicillin（青霉素）is in medicine for fighting disease. He called for better use of glyphosate-resistant crop technology.

64.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The amount of cropland planted with GE crops increased by seven percent in the US.

B. The amount of cropland planted with GE crops decreased in Europe.

C. American farmers first planted GE crops two decades ago.

D. Eighty percent of the crops in the US are transgenic.

65.In comparison with traditional crops, GE crops________.

A. need better soil                 B. need more glyphosate

C. can resist insect attacks better   D. are more likely to be bothered by weeds

66.According to David Ervin,____________________.

A. to control weeds is quite easy

B. glyphosate is of little use to planting

C. glyphosate is as important as penicillin 

D. people should attach great importance to the overuse of herbicides

67.The author writes this passage to____________.

A. advise people to stop using pesticides

B. prove that GE crops have better harvests

C. call on more countries to plant GE crops

D. discuss the issues surrounding GE crops

You Are What You Eat

      Genetic engineering is the scientific change of the genetic material in a living organism. It allows scientists to identify specific genes, to remove them from an organism's chromosomes (染色体), improve them, analyze them, and possibly clone them, and to then reinsert the changed gene into the original organism, or a completely different organism．Unlike traditional breeding, where a desired quality would be bred within the same species, genetic engineering can insert desired ones into organisms of different species. Wow…Did you catch that?

     Genetic engineering creates many positive contributions to agriculture. For example, by genetically engineered（GE）foods, anti-cancer agents, minerals and vitamins can be increased. Improved taste, shelf life, and better transport are all possible. Also, GE plants can increase pest and bacterial resistance, therefore, making the food safe for consumers.

    But some argue that the possible negative effects outweigh the positives, and critics are starting to voice their concerns. Unlike Europe, in the United States labeling is not required on genetically engineered foods or on foods that contain genetically engineered products. Most Americans do not realize that they are, in fact, eating GE foods.

    The public is also concerned about the unknown health risks. With limited understanding of genes, scientists cannot predict possible effects. Because most genes introduced into GE plants come from sources not introduced into the human body, it is impossible to know if they will cause reactions. Moreover, due to the lack of labeling if allergies develop, it will be extremely difficult to find the origin of them.

    There is also a major moral question in many minds. For many, the conflict is not if it is safe or not, but it disturbs them because it is unnatural and unnecessary. We are currently producing one and a half times the amount of food needed to feed the world, yet one in seven people are starving. GE food is unnecessary, and fails to address the root of hunger. Many believe that the only people who will benefit are the corporations that produce it.

    Scientists cannot foresee the possible effects of GE foods, but we eat them every day without even knowing it. We already have enough food, so why create more that could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not worth the risk．

63. According to the passage, traditional breeding is different from genetic engineering in that_____.

A. traditional breeding changes the genes in the same species

B. traditional breeding changes the genes in different species

C. traditional breeding takes place within the same species

D. traditional breeding is more scientific

64. “The lack of labeling” in Paragraph 4 indicates_________.

A. information concerning gene sources is unavailable to customers

B. it is currently possible to find the origins of some allergies

C. scientists try to hide potential dangers from customers

D. the US government is responsible for GE food

65. According to Paragraph 5, GE food is unnecessary because________.

A. it won't help solve the problem of hunger in the world

B. there are potential dangers in producing GE food

C. we're now producing more food than before

D. customers will benefit from GE food

66. What is the author's attitude towards genetic engineering?

      A. Welcoming             B. Disapproving          C. Unconcerned          D. Optimistic

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