任务型阅读 (共10小题; 每小题1分,满分10分)

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据短文的内容要点完成文章后的表格列单。

注意:补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求,每格只填一个单词。

Even British People Can’t Speak English Properly

There are different regional accents across the UK, and a number of regions have several different dialects, that is, they have their own unique vocabulary and grammatical phrases. There were at least six different accents born to London the last time I counted.

Worse than that, it is not just where a person is born in the UK that decides their accent. For example, a language and its accents often vary across class or level of education. Another example is how language can differ among age groups in the UK. The words and pronunciations used by young people in the UK can be radically different compared with those used by adults.

Yoof culture

The word ‘yoof’ is a slang spelling of ‘youth’. Some people consider ‘yoof’ to be a negative term, since its pronunciation is easier and lazier than ‘youth’. Other people see the term as positive, because it describes how young people are creating their own language, concepts and identity. When people find it difficult to understand their children, the children can say more things than without censorship(审查,检查) of their parents. In this way, young people are starting to find freedom, independence and self-expression. They are creating a ‘yoof culture’.

It is not possible to come up with a complete list of words used by yoof. By the time the list was completed, it would be out of date. New words come and go like fashions. However, a few features of the yoof style of language are as follows:

◆instead of saying something like ‘That’s good!’ or ‘I understand’, yoof will use a single adjective like ‘Safe!’, ‘Sorted!’, ‘Sound!’, ‘Cool!’ or ‘Wicked!’.

◆instead of ‘He then said no!’, yoof will say ‘She was like: no!’

◆Instead of ‘She’s attractive!’, yoof will say ‘She’s fine!’ or ‘She’s fit!’

◆Instead of ‘I don’t care!’, a yoof will say ‘Whatever!’.

New social and political language

Certain groups of society feel threatened by ‘yoof culture’ or by the British working classes having more social freedom. As a result, a negative term now commonly used in the UK is ‘chav’. It is insult and is meant to describe someone who is uneducated and anti-social (e.g. ‘He’s a chav!’). A young person who wears a jacket with a hood(风帽,头巾) (after all, it rains a lot in the UK) is sometimes called a ‘hoodie’. It is a negative term and suggests that the young person is interested in committing crime.

Where does that leave us?

Learners of English often feel that the best test of their English is how well they can talk to a native speaker. Yet learners should not worry about communicating with native speakers so much. Research conducted by the British Council shows that 94 per cent of the English spoken in the world today is spoken between non-native speakers of the language. In fact, when we think about ‘international English’, there is no such thing as native or non-native speakers. The UK no longer owns the English language. 

 


Different (72)     of education


An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remem­ber and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to re­gion, and from family to family.
To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. "If you make the child responsible for these ‘ ills’," says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, " he or she will learn to budget for nec­essary expenditures."
Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers’ can feel left out.
It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Ste­phens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch." If you lose your money," Brooke’s mother told her, "you walk home."
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. " Mom made me walk home," recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brook­lyn. " At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. "
Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied di­rectly to a child’s daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her initiative.
63. Which of the following is the possible title of the passage?
A. How to develop a child’s initiative.
B. How to work up an amount of pocket money.
C. How to teach a child to save money.
D. How to teach a child about money.
64. It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance, he or she may ________.
A. spend all the money very soon             
B. be spoiled and finally ruined
C. feel responsible and careful about money
D. lost the money and can not return home
65. In Paragraph 4, the words “his peers” refer to ________.
A. his parents      B. his teachers       C. his financial experts      D. his friends
66. The author implies in the passage that ________.
A. paying children for their housework is no good
B. a child’s initiative can be developed if he or she is paid for all the housework
C. children may feel lost and lonely if they have no pocket money
D. children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money

Scientist Says ‘No’ to Human Cloning
“I’ve never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. “It’s a stupid endeavor.”
That’s an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and a cat.
They just might succeed in cloning Missy soon — or perhaps not for another five years.
Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog's eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate(代孕的)mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted(流产,发育不全) fetuses(胎)may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. “A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right,” says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy's mysterious billionaire owner; he's put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M's research.
Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy's fine qualities after she does die. The prototype(原型;雏形)is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and supersmart. Missy's master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her temperament(气质、性情). In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy.”
Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.
However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems~ “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we're not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”
【小题1】By “stupid endeavor”, Westhusin means to say that ________.

A.human cloning is a foolish undertaking
B.animal cloning is absolutely impractical
C.human cloning should be done selectively
D.animal cloning is not worth the effort at all
【小题2】What does the first paragraph tell us about Westhusin's dog cloning project?
A.Its success is already in sight.
B.It is progressing smoothly.
C.It is doomed to utter failure.
D.Its outcome remains uncertain.
【小题3】By cloning Missy, Mark Westhusin hopes to ________.
A.study the possibility of cloning humans
B.search for ways to modify its temperament
C.find out the differences between Missy and its clones
D.examine the reproductive system of the dog species
【小题4】We learn from the passage that animal clones are likely to have ________.
A.a bad temper
B.defective(有缺陷的、有毛病的)organs
C.immune deficiency
D.an abnormal shape

Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need.It has been demonstrated(证明)that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins(维生素) to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles.When a fragrant(香的)flavor(作料)was added to the vitamin-enriched water, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water.In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.

In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria(自助) feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them.They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in.We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.

So, in choosing food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them.Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose.Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could.Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-formed habits.Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs.So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.

1.In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats’ drinking water to _____________ .

     A.encourage rats to drink vitamins-enriched water

     B.test whether rats know which drink is good for them

       C.find out rats’ preference in flavor

     D.demonstrate the vitamins are tasteless

2.According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies because_________.

       A.adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health

       B.adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods

       C.adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns

       D.adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs

3.The author implied in the passage that most of us_________.

       A.eat a balanced diet

       B.choose the food that is of nutrition

       C.have the habits influenced by the surroundings

       D.like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor.

 

4.As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that_________.

       A.both prefer flavored food and drink

       B.both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet

       C.both have the same eating patterns

       D.both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors

 

Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.
"I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(永生)," said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. "I think by 2075 we will see it and that’s a conservative estimate".
At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术)make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years," he said. "Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years."
However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.
Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. "It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?" said Leonard Pooh, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology(老龄学) Center. "At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all."

  1. 1.

    By saying "we are knocking at the door of immortality", Michael Zey means ________

    1. A.
      they believe that there is no limit of living
    2. B.
      they are sure to find the truth about long living
    3. C.
      they have got some ideas about living forever
    4. D.
      they are able to make people live past the present life span
  2. 2.

    Donald Louria's attitude towards long living is that ________

    1. A.
      people can live from 120 to 180 years
    2. B.
      it is still doubtful how long humans can live
    3. C.
      the human body is designed to last about 120 years
    4. D.
      it is possible for humans to live longer in the future
  3. 3.

    The underlined "it"(paragraph 4)refers to ________

    1. A.
      a great push
    2. B.
      the idea of living beyond the present life span
    3. C.
      the idea of living from 200 to 300 years
    4. D.
      the conservative estimate
  4. 4.

    What would be the best title for this text?

    1. A.
      Living Longer or Not
    2. B.
      Science, Technology and Long Living
    3. C.
      No Limit for Human Life
    4. D.
      Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living

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