题目内容

Darek Fidyka, a 38-year-old Bulgarian, had been paralysed (瘫痪的) from the chest down for four years after a knife attack. Scientists from Britain and Poland took cells from his nose, transplanted (移植) them into his back and re-grew his spinal cord (脊髓). Now he can walk and even drive a car. The doctors were delighted but said it was the first step in a long journey.

The breakthrough came after 40 years of research by Professor Geoff Raisman, who found that cells had the possibility to repair damage to nasal (鼻腔的) nerves, the only part of the nervous system that constantly re-grows. “The idea was to take something from an area where the nervous system can repair itself, and does so throughout life, and put it into an area that doesn’t repair itself,” Professor Raisman said.

Polish doctors injected the nasal cells into Mr Fidyka’s spinal cord above and below the injury and used some nerves from his ankle to form a bridge across the damaged tissue. The nasal cells appear to have caused the spinal nerves to repair themselves.

Professor Raisman achieved this with rats in the late 1990s, but this is his greatest success. “I think the moment of discovery for me was Christmas in 1997 when I first saw a rat that couldn’t control its hand put its hand out to me. That was an exciting moment, because I realised then that my belief that the nervous system could be repaired was true.”

Doctors chose the easiest case for their first attempt — it might not work for others. But there is a real sense of hope that an idea once thought impossible has been realised.

David Nicholls, who helped provide money for the breakthrough, said information about the breakthrough would be made available to researchers across the globe.

“What you’ve got to understand is that for three million paralysed people in the world today, the world looks a totally brighter place than it did yesterday,” he said.

1.Why did Professor Geoff Raisman choose cells from the nose?

A. The nervous system in the nose can repair itself.

B. Cells in the nose can be easily transplanted.

C. Cells in the nose re-produce rapidly.

D. He just wanted to give it a try.

2.Why did the operation work for Darek Fidyka?

A. The nasal cells re-produced and spread quickly.

B. The nerves from his ankle helped cure the injury.

C. The nervous system in the spinal cord can repair itself.

D. The nasal cells helped the spinal nerves to repair themselves.

3.What made Professor Geoff Raisman believe the nervous system can be repaired?

A. His study on animals.

B. His operation on a paralysed patient.

C. His sudden thoughts about Christmas.

D. His unusual experience with a sick rat.

4.David Nicholls’ words suggest that _____.

A. the world is becoming better and brighter

B. paralysed people have the hope of recovery

C. the report of the breakthrough will be published soon

D. researchers across the globe will carry out the operation

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Climate change will bring greater extremes in weather, the Government’s chief scientific adviser has warned as he called for action to deal with global warming. Professor Sir John Beddington says the effects of climate change on the weather are already being felt in the UK.

“In a sense we have moved from the idea of global warming to the idea of climate change, and that is rather important. Temperatures are increasing and there are more changes in our weather,” he said.

Even if effective action is taken now on global warming, he says there will be great climate change over the next 20 to 25 years as a result of past global problems.

“We have serious problems in the world --- in 12 years there will be another billion people on the planet and we have big issues of food security, water security and energy security, and many people will start to be living in cities,” he said. “These are serious problem; climate change is just going to make it worse.”

He said there were some “uncertainties” in the analysis of climate and climate change. “But those uncertainties are completely unimportant in comparison(比较)with a great deal of evidence that shows it is happening in the sort of ways climate models would expect,” he said. “For example, the Arctic is heating up faster than other parts of the world --- this is exactly what the climate scientists are predicting.”

Sir John’s views were made as Britain experienced freezing cold weather and snow, with thousands of homes across the UK without power. England and Wales experienced 10 separate flooding events between April and December last year after widespread drought gave way to the wettest summer in a century, with unusually high rainfall totals and river levels around the country.

1.Which of the following is NOT one of the things that Sir John says?

A. We need more action to deal with global warming.

B. Climate change will make some big problems worse.

C. Climate change will bring greater extremes in weather.

D. England will experience more extremes in weather than Wales.

2.How long will it be before our planet has another billion people?

A. 25 years. B. 20 years

C. 12 years. D. 10 years.

3.What is Sir John’s attitude towards the Climate scientists’ prediction?

A. Puzzled. B. Trusting.

C. Uncertain. D. Doubtful.

4.In recent years, which of the following has the UK NOT experienced?

A. Widespread drought.

B. Many flooding events.

C. Freezing cold weather.

D. Several big earthquakes.

5.What is the main purpose of this report?

A. To call for effective action on climate change.

B. To introduce Professor Sir John and his opinions.

C. To prove that the UK has experienced a series of disasters.

D. To show how correct the climate scientists’ predictions are.

完形填空

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One day Anderson, who then looked poor and hungry, saw an old lady who obviously needed help. So he ___________ up in front of her Benz car and got out.

He went down under her car and fixed everything soon. But he had to get 42 and his hands hurt. The old lady told him she couldn’t ___________ him enough for coming to her aid. She asked how much she owed him. Any ___________ would have been all right with her. However, Anderson told her that ___________ she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give that person the___________they needed.

Anderson waited until the old lady drove off. A few miles down the road the lady saw a small ___________ . She went in to get something to eat. The waitress gave her a warm welcome and brought a clean ___________to wipe her wet hair. The lady noticed the waitress was obviously pregnant(怀孕的), but she ___________ let the aches change her___________ . The old lady wondered how someone like this could be so giving to a stranger. Then she remembered Anderson.

After the ___________ , she paid with a hundred dollar bill. The waitress quickly went to get the ___________but the old lady was gone by the time the waitress ___________. The waitress then noticed something written on the napkin(餐巾): “You don’t ___________ me anything. I have been ___________ too. Somebody once helped me out, the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do: Do not let this chain of love ___________ with you.” Under the ___________ were four more $100 bills.

Later that night when the waitress was ___________ , she was thinking about the money and what the lady had written. How could the lady have known how much she and her husband needed it? With the baby due next month and a small income, it was going to be ___________

She knew how ___________ her husband was, and as he lay sleeping next to her, she gave her husband a soft kiss, “Everything’s going to be all right. I love you, Anderson.”

1.A. stood B. put C. pulled D. came

2.A. disabled B. hungry C. tired D. dirty

3.A. pay B. thank C. clean D. ask

4.A. amount B. number C. help D. request

5.A. when B. although C. if D. unless

6.A. assistance B. service C. money D. promise

7.A. station B. shop C. garage D. cafe

8.A. towel B. coat C. paper D. menu

9.A. ever B. often C. sometimes D. hardly

10.A. looks B. salary C. attitude D. job

11.A. rest B. meal C. conversation D. stop

12.A. change B. bills C. drinks D. sandwich

13.A. rushed out B. came out C. turned back D. came back

14.A. give B. leave C. owe D. charge

15.A. there B. poor C. helpless D. hopeful

16.A. connect B. stay C. end D. return

17.A. desk B. bill C. plate D. napkin

18.A. in the garden B. in bed C. at home D. in the kitchen

19.A. disappointing B. hard C. easy D. grateful

20.A. surprised B. worried C. tired D. painful

Once upon a time, there was a wonderful old man who loved everything on the land —— animals and plants.

One day while walking through the woods, the old man found a cocoon of a butterfly. He took it home. A few days later, a small opening appeared; he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no farther. Then the man decided to help the butterfly, so he took a pair of scissors and cut the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then came out easily.

But it had a swollen body and small, shriveled wings. The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body, or they would be smaller. Neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and shriveled (枯萎)wings. It never was able to fly.

What the man in his kindness and hurry did not understand was that the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening was nature’s way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon.

Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If we were allowed to go through our life without any difficulties, it would cripple (无能) us. We would not be as strong as what we could have been. And we could never fly.

1.The old man cut the cocoon in order to ____.

A. kill the butterfly

B. play with the butterfly

C. make the butterfly come out easily

D. have the butterfly

2.The reason why the butterfly could not fly is that _____.

A. the old man broke its wings

B. it was too small

C. newly born butterflies can’t fly

D. it came out of its cocoon without enough struggle

3.What can we know from the passage?

A. That old man was fond of everything except the butterfly.

B. It was the old man that stopped the butterfly flying.

C. The old man realized his mistake.

D. It’s not hard for the butterfly to come out of the cocoon.

4.What does the author want to tell us by writing the passage?

A .We should help others.

B. Without others' help we can still succeed.

C. Struggles in our life can make us stronger.

D. Butterflies can fly without people’s help.

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