题目内容
--I say, John. What did you say to the young man over there just now?
---Nothing. I ______ to myself.
A．had only talked B．have only talked
C．am just talking D．was just talking
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）
It was a rainy day and I was riding on a bus downtown to go to work. I was_36_next to a man in a business suit and J paid little attention_37_ we both got off at the same stop and walked to the same news-stand to get a morning_38_.
The man running the stand was obviously having a_39_day. He was rude and unsmiling as we bought our papers，which only_40_ more gloom (郁闷) to my day. The businessman_41_my gloomy feeling and smiled brightly，_42_the news-stand owner for the paper and for being open on such a( n) _43_to make sure we were able to get our papers.
As we_44_away，I asked this man why he was so_45_to the newsman when he didn't _46_his expression of thanks and friendliness
. The businessman smiled at me and said,"Why would I let someone else _47_what I say and what I feel?"
We then_48_to go to our own work places. To this day，I still don't know who that businessman was，or_49_he worked. He appeared briefly in my life and disappeared just as_50_. But I've never forgotten the words he said and his_51_which seemed like a ray of light on a gloomy day.
That was a good 25 years_52_，but the effect this had on my life has lasted. I_53_had a chance to thank him personally，but the way I look at life has changed _54_those words. I have learnt that we cannot control people and_55_that come to us， but we can always control our response to them.
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Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.)
But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”
There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech, for example— were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist? Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
【小题1】 How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?
| A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism. |
| B．Twain’s attack on racism was much less open. |
| C．Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots. |
| D．Twain was openly concerned with racism. |
| A．target readers at the bottom |
| B．anti-slavery attitude |
| C．rather impolite language |
| D．frequent use of “nigger” |
| A．Jim’s search for his family was described in detail. |
| B．The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels. |
| C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture. |
| D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent. |
| A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters |
| B．slaves’ babies could pick up slave-holders’ way of speaking |
| C．blacks’ social position was shaped by how they were brought up |
| D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice |
| A．The attacks. | B．Slavery and prejudice. |
| C．White men. | D．The shows. |
| A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism. |
| B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln. |
| C．Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds. |
| D．Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view. |
Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
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A. recently B. affects C. pattern D. varied E. floats F. warm G. regularly H. mysterious I. effect J. evidence |
Big climate changes in the last million years might have come from something very small: dust from outer space.
Earth changes between ice ages and warm periods in a(n) __1.__ that includes several cycles, including a __2._ one that lasts 100,000 years. Scientists __3.__suggested this cycle might be due to changes in the inflow of cosmic(????) dust.
The idea is that Earth _4.__above and below the imaginary plane that runs through the sun and Jupiter(???), completing a cycle every 100,000 years. So maybe it encounters __5._varying amounts of dust during each cycle that produce the climate trend.
Now there is some __6.__, from ancient cosmic dust recovered in ocean-floor drilling near the Azores islands west of Portugal. The large quantity of the dust rises and falls with a wonderful 100,000 year cycle during the period analyzed, 253,000 years to 458,000 years ago. Periods of more dust are related to__7.__ climates.
But that is a long way from showing that the dust __8.__ climate. Some scientists argue that it is not clear how cosmic dust would make the climate warmer while dust from volcanoes is known to make it cooler. They say the cosmic dust is so thin that it is hard to see how it could have any climate__9.__.
Nevertheless, the new study shows scientists have to take the cosmic dust idea seriously.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
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A. fast B, stuntmen C. training D. catching E. fall F. seriously G. really H. profession I. fight J. living |
You are watching a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another hard. At the start, they only __41__ with their fists. But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead! Of course he isn’t __42__ dead. With any luck he isn’t even hurt. Why? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from __43__ moving trains, who crash cars of even __44__ fire, are professionals. They do this for a living. These men are called __45__. That is to say, they perform tricks. There are two sides to their work. They actually do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not __46__ on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with mattress(床垫). Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar! But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and __47__. Often a stuntman’s success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is “blown up” in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment.
Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get __48__ injured and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff a thousand feet high. His parachute(降落伞) failed to open, and he was killed. In spite of all the risks, this is no longer a __49 __ for men only. Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous action. For nowadays there are stuntgirls, too.