题目内容

                                 B

                           ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

          If you want another reason why residents of New York City have one of the highest costs of living in the U.S., compare babysitting(当临时保姆) wages with those of people who live in Colorado. According to UrbanSitter’s 2014 Childcare Rate Survey of nine large city areas,the average babysitting wage paid in New York City is $15. 34  per hour while in Denver it's $10. 84  per hour.

          Lauren Jimeson from New York City pays her babysitters about $20 an hour. She has three children aged 4 , 3  and an infant(婴儿)， but she usually does not ask a babysitter to watch all three at the same time.

          Jimeson said she was surprised at how low the rates can be in another city during a recent family trip to Florida. aThey found a babysitter based on a friend's  recommendation. They only paid around $8 or $10 per hour. My husband and I looked at each other and said ‘Oh,my gosh’ because we pay double that for our kids,” Jimeson said.

          Lyz Lenz,blogger (博主) and write behind LyzLenz.com,said she pays her babysitters S8 to $10 an hour in Iowa. Lenz,31, has two children. One is 3 years old and the other is 10 months old. “It's pretty ridiculous since they are in the 9th and 10th grade and not

professionals,” Lenz said of the babysitters. “But we pay the going rate,and more for the babysitters we love,to keep them coming to us. When I was in high school I got paid just $5 an hour for three kids.”

         Here are the average hourly babysitting wages in some of the cities that UrbanSitter.com analyzed:

         New York City Area： $15. 34  for one child; $16. 76 for two; $18. 74 for three.

         San Francisco Area:  $14. 99  for one child; $17. 68 for two; $19. 46  for three.

         Washingtofi, D.C. — Baltimore Area: $13. 83 for one child; $15. 27 for two; $16. 95 for three.

         Greater Boston Area: $13. 64 for one child; $15. 66 for two; $16.77   for three.

5. What surprised Jimeson during a recent family trip to Florida?

   A. That it was easy to find a babysitter there.

   B. That babysitters were so ridiculous there.

   C. That babysitters didn’t  mind their wages.

   D. That babysitters charged such a low price.

6. Lenz pays more for some babysitters at times to.

   A. ask them to do more things

   B. prevent them from quitting

   C. help them become professionals

   D. keep up with the babysitters’ demands

7. Which of the following has the highest babysitting costs for three kids?

   A. San Francisco Area. .

   B. New York City Area.

   C. Greater Boston Area.

   D. Washington,D.C. — Baltimore Area.

8. What is the text mainly about?

   A. Ways to find babysitters in the U.S.

   B. Costs of living in the countyside.

   G. Some comments on babysitting.

   D. Babysitting wages in the U.S.


5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D

                         B篇

    纽约是美国生活成本最高的城市之一，从雇佣保姆的开销就可以看出来。

5. D.细节理解题。根据第三段中的They only paid around $8 or $10…‘Oh, my gosh’ because we pay double that for our kids 可知，在佛罗里达州， 临时保姆的费用低到让Jimeson惊讶。

6. B.推理判断题。稂据第四段中的But we pay the going rate,and more for the babysitters we love,to keep them coming to us 可推知，Lenz多付费是为了防止他们喜欢的保姆辞职。

7. A. 细节理解题。根据文章最后雇佣保姆的费用对比可知，请临时保姆照顾三个小孩的花费在旧金山地区是最高的。

8. D. 主旨大意题。本文通过提及纽约生活成本高，引出美国一些大城市雇佣临时保姆的费用问题。

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                                  B

                            ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

           Mothers who angrily tell off their children when they step out of line may be making behavior problems worse,according to a study. The study by the London School of Economics (LSE) found that too much shouting and giving severe punishments were producing an opposite result. Ignoring naughty children also appeared ter lead to a decrease in discipHne standards.

           Researchers said that “reasoning with children” was more likely to have a positive zVwpacr (影响) on their behavior at a young age. But the study warned that it Was difficult to determine a direct link between one parenting style and its outcomes because of the effect of other causes.

           The latest study was based on an analysis of almost 19,000 children. Data was collected from parents just before their children's first birthdays,and then when iey turned three,five and seven. The study,led by Dr Laure De Preux,assessed the impact of various parenting styles on children.

           Researchers said, “Particularly excessive (过度的) shouting,punishing or ignoring a naughty child increases his behavior problems,and only reasoning doesn't negatively impact the child's behavior.”

           But the study also showed that a large number of other things such as economic conditions also impacted on children's development. The result suggested that wealthier families were able to create a whole environment that clearly benefited the child beyond simple effect of parenting. It said children in poor households in particular were affected by their mother^s parenting styles.

          “In this group,behavior problems are reduced when mothers read to the naughty children,and increased when mothers shout at them,take treats away,or ignore them,” it said.

           It is the latest in a line'of recent studies to assess the link between parenting and children's behavior.

           Two years ago,a report commissioned by the Department for Education found that severe and inconsistent discipline in the home was bringing up a generation of youfng children with anger management problems,poor attention and low levels of learning ability.

5. The underlined part “step out of line” in Paragraph 1

probably means.

   A. behave badly     B. lose confidence

   C. become excited   D. achieve success

6. Which may help solve children's behavior problems?

   A. Punishing them lightly.

   B. Talking with them reasonably.

   C. Ignoring them once in a while.

   D. Exercising strict discipline over them.

7. What did the research focus on?

   A. How mothers looked at their parenting role.

   B. Why many children had behavior problems.

   C. How parenting styles affected children's development.

   D. Why parents gave their children severe punishments.

8. What do we learn about the report in the last paragraph?

   A. Its subject is similar to that of the LSE's  study.

   B. Its findings go against those of the LSE's study.

   C. It shows the benefits of strict discipline.

   D. It has discovered new problems of children.

                                C

                            ★★★★★

          A study conducted in the Svalbard Archipelago of;Norway showed the first recorded case of polar bears seeking out white-beaked dolphins(白喙斑纹海豚) for prey(猎物) . Warming waters have allowed the dolphins to travel north to an area they would normally avoid until summertime. “It is likely that new species are appearing in the diet of polar bears due to climate change because new species are finding their way north,” study author Jon Aars said.

          Arctic waters have warmed at a rate twice that of southern waters,putting the ice-loving bears in trouble. Polar bears typically sit on large pieces of ice to hunt swimming seals,but without the platform of ice to sit on,the bears have to look elsewhere for food. Two ice-free winters attracted the dolphins into the Arctic region,where their food has also shown up thanks to warm water. But a sudden influx (汇集）of ice trapped the dolphins,making them easy prey for hungry plar bears.

          The scientists from the Norwegian Polar Institute first discovered this eating habit in April,2014 and documented another five cases in the following year. Most of the bears appeased well-fed,although one was visibly thin and found covering a dead dolphin with ice as a means to hide his food source from other animals —another strategy that scientists had not yet seen before.

         It' s unlikely that there are enough dolphins to feed the large population of polar bears. And as the bears were only able to hunt the dolphins because of a sudden storm,their consumption could be a fluke(使幸) .

         Polar bears living in Canada and Alaska have been found traveling north to live in the icy regions they need,but Svalbard is about as far north as it gets before the water becomes too deep to serve as a livable habitat,leaving the bears with nowhere else to go.

9. What does Jon Aars think is to blame for polar bears' eating dolphins?

   A. Loss of habitat：    B. No other prey.

   C. Warmer climate.      D. Shorter summertime.

10. What do we learn about today's  polar bears from Paragraph 2 ?

   A. They fmd it harder to hunt seals.

   B. They have more food than before.

   C. They face more competitors than before.

   D. They are troubled by a sudden influx of ice.

11. It is very rare for a polar bear to.

   A. appear well-fed

   B. get nothing to eat

   C. hide food from other animals

   D. share food with other polar bears

12. After polar bears reach Svalbard,they .

   A. get no dolphins to eat

   B. cannot go any further northward

   C. hardly want to go anywhere else

   D. make it a comfortable livable habitat

                               D

                           ★★★☆☆

           Tourists and animal lovers hoping to see a bear in Sequoia National Park this fall probably stand a better chance of spotting one in this tiny town at the park’s  entrance. Three Rivers is crawling with hungry bears driven down from the mountains by drought in search of food to fatten up for winter. Everyone seems to have photos of the creatures on their phones.

           There's no doubt a bear invasion is going on in this town of 2 ,200 that is home to a mix of park employees,businessmen, artists and so on. It is also a place for retirement for Hollywood types that include Anjelica Huston and William Shatner. Most seem delighted by the visiting black bears.

           The four-year drought has destroyed the berry crop in the Sierra Nevada and led to fewer flcwws (橡子)，forcing the bears into the valleys carved by the branches of the Kaweah River that give this town its name.

           Bears have climbed on roofs for acoms and one was found exploring a bathroom under restoration in a house.A bear tore apart the outer walls of a resident's pump house and a music studio to get at acoms.

           The Kaweah Commonwealth reported that bears have been slaughtered,but game wardens (野生动物保把区的管理员) said it was a lie because of a lack of evidence,such as names of suspects,vehicle descriptions and dead bears. The account,however,has caused conflict between nature lovers and those who think it's unbelievable. I'm upset and sad,and I just question,‘Why?”，said Kathleen McCleary. “I don't see any reason to shoot them."

13. Bears have come down from the mountains because.

   A. the park doesn't feed them

   B. they want to seek for water

   C. they lack food resources there

   D. they need a warm place for winter

14. What does the underlined word ^slaughtered^ in the last paragraph probably mean?

   A. Defeated. B. Limited.

   G. Raised.   D. Killed.

15. The author writes the text mainly to .

   A. show where to find bears

   B. call on people to protect bears

   C. introduce a bear invasion in a town

   D. explain how to solve the problem of bears

16. The text probably comes from.

   A. a lesson plan         B. a news report

   C. a tourist guidebook   D. a geography textbook

                                      A 

          Prashant Mandal shares a small house with his wife and four kids,and survives on less than $2 a day. Yet,despite Mandal' s  modest income,he spends 20 percent of his income on solar energy,an expenditure (支出) which he says is key to helping his children to study.

          Across the globe,about 1. 2  billion people live without electricity. Such limitations are not only inconvenient,but also put people in low-income countries at greater risk of having serious health conditions. People living without electricity typically rely on kerosene lamps,and other harmful light sources,which can lead to bums,injuries,poisoning and other risks.

          Realizing the need for a more efficient energy source,a lot of companies have developed business models that enable poor people to purchase solar energy.

          SimpaNetworks,which focuses its efforts on rural India,is one such company that's found a way to make solar energy affordable and accessible to people in need. Customers are charged a small down payment for a high-quality solar system. Then,through its “progressive purchase^ model,they pay in advance for a designated (指定的) amount of energy consumption. Each payment counts toward the final purchase price.

          A number of other companies have found ways to get solar energy into the hands,anci homes of people who typically can’t  afford electricity. MPOWER D. a New ork-based company,invented an (充气式的) solar light in 2012 that is powered by the sun,and is also able to store solar energy.

          “Energy poverty is solvable if we all work together,” says John Salzinger,MPOWERD’s  co-founder. “Every single consumer purchase helps us reduce costs,and then we pass those savings on to those who need affordable light most. We automatically enable our customers to help others,while helping the environment,by simply making a purchase."

  1. Why does the author mention Prashant Mandal in Paragraph 1 ?

   A. To show that electricity is precioub.

   B. To bring up the topic of the text.

   C. To introduce his poor family.

   D. To tell an interesting story.

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2 ?

   A. Kerosene lamps are healthy light sources.

   B. There are few people living without electricity.

   C. Poor countries are at greater risk of spreading .

diseases. 

   D. People living without electricity may face serious risks.

3. Paragraph 4  mainly tells us .

   A. how customers pay for SimpaNetworks solar

   B. how impaNetworks invented the inflatable solar

   C. how customers use electricity in rural India 

   D. how solar system works in rural India 

4. How does John Salzinger feel about energy poverty?

   A. Uncaring.     B. Surprising.

   C. Disappointed. D. Optimistic.

1. 我如此忙以至于没时间给你写信。

() 28. —That terrible storm killed ten people.

一An event like this us that we can't control nature.

   A. reminds   B. questions

C. allows   D. imagines

70. This dress is expensive because it's made of (silk) .

书面表达(10分)

在学校，你一定有一个最喜欢的场所，如教室、 图书馆、操场等。请你根据以下提示，以“My favorite place at school”为题，写一篇英语短文，向 某英文杂志投稿。

提示：1. 你最喜欢的一个场所;

2. 你喜欢它的原因。

要求：80词左右，可适当发挥。标题不计入总词数。

My favorite place at school

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