题目内容

Cutting meat production and consumption by 30 percent would help to reduce carbon emissions(排放) and improve health in the most meat-loving nations, scientists said on Wednesday.

Using prediction models, British and Australian researchers  1 that improving efficiency, increasing carbon capture and 2 fossil fuel dependence in farming would not be enough to  3  emissions targets.

But combining these steps 4 a 30 percent reduction in livestock(家畜) 5 in major meat-producing nations and a similar 6 in meat-eating, would lead to "substantial population health benefits" and cut emissions, they said.

The study found that in Britain, a 30 percent 7 intake of animal-source saturated(饱和的) fat by adults would reduce the 8 of premature(过早的) deaths from heart disease by some 17 percent -- equivalent to 18,000 premature deaths reduced in one year.

In Sao Paulo, Brazil, it could mean as 9 as 1,000 premature deaths reduced in a year, they said.

10 the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, 18 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions are from meat production and experts say rising 11 for meat, particularly in countries with growing economies, could 12 livestock production up by 85 percent from 2000 levels 13 2030.

The scientists said global action was needed to maximize the benefits of cutting meat production and 14 , and that the environmental 15 "may apply only in those countries that currently have high production levels."

The study was 16 in The Lancet medical journal as part of a series in climate change and health 17 the Copenhagen global climate summit scheduled next month.

In a second study, British scientists found that increased walking and cycling, and 18 cars, would have a much greater impact on health 19 low-emission vehicles in rich and middle-income countries.

Andrew Haines, director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and head of the research series, said delegates at Copenhagen needed "to understand the potential 20 impacts of their plans."

(  ) 1. A. invented       B. experimented   C. found        D. proved

(  ) 2. A. increasing      B. speeding      C. stopping      D. reducing

(  ) 3. A. meet          B. change       C. break            D. adapt

(  ) 4. A. by           B. with         C. to           D. in

(  ) 5. A. sale           B. eating        C. production        D. use

(  ) 6. A. cut           B. increase       C. addition       D. consumption

(  ) 7. A. lower         B. higher        C. more         D. less

(  ) 8. A. amount        B. number       C. quantity       D. deal

(  ) 9. A. much         B. many         C. few          D. little

(  ) 10. A. According to   B. Apart from     C. As well as     D. In addition to

(  ) 11. A. resistance     B. fear          C. demand       D. anxiety

(  ) 12. A. weaken       B. strengthen     C. drive         D. broaden

(  ) 13. A. in           B. by           C. from         D. after

(  ) 14. A. evaluation     B. consumption   C. process       D. store

(  ) 15. A. advantage     B. disadvantage   C. pollution      D. improvement

(  ) 16. A. written       B. claimed       C. delivered      D. published

(  ) 17. A. along with        B. from behind    C. ahead of      D. in front of

(  ) 18. A. more         B. fewer            C. no           . none

(  ) 19. A. then         B. as           C. that          D. than

(  ) 20. A. health        B. body         C. spirit         D. emotion

CDABC   AABBA  CCBBA  DCBDA

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When I was fourteen, I earned money in the summer by cutting lawns(草坪), and within a few weeks I had built up a body of customers. I got to know people by the flowers they planted that I had to remember not to cut down, by the things they lost in the grass or struck in the ground on purpose. I reached the point with most of them when I knew in advance what complaint was about to be spoken, which particular request was most important. And I learned something about the measure of my neighbors by their preferred method of payment: by the job, by the month--- or not at all.
Mr. Ballou fell into the last category, and he always had a reason why. On one day, he had no  change for a fifty, on another he was flat out of checks, on another, he was simply out when I knocked on his door. Still, except for the money apart, he was a nice enough guy, always waving or tipping his hat when he’d see me from a distance. I figured him for a thin retirement check, maybe a work-relayed injury that kept him from doing his own yard work. Sure, I kept track of the total, but I didn’t worry about the amount too much. Grass was grass, and the little that Mr. Ballou’s property comprised didn’t take long to trim (修剪).
Then, one late afternoon in mid-July, the hottest time of the year, I was walking by his house and he opened the door, mentioned me to come inside. The hall was cool, shaded, and it took my eyes a minute to adjust to the dim light. 
“ I owe you,” Mr Ballou, “ but…”
I thought I’d save him the trouble of thinking of a new excuse. “ No problem. Don’t worry about it.”
“ The bank made a mistake in my account,” he continued, ignoring my words. “ It will be cleared up in a day or two . But in the meantime I thought perhaps you could choose one or two volumes for a down payment.
He gestured toward the walls and I saw that books were stacked (堆放) everywhere. It was like a library, except with no order to the arrangement.
“ Take your time,” Mr. Ballou encouraged. “Read, borrow, keep. Find something you like. What do you read?”
“ I don’t know.” And I didn’t. I generally read what was in front of me, what I could get from the paperback stack at the drugstore, what I found at the library, magazines, the back of cereal boxes, comics. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me, but, I realized, not without appeal--- so I started to look through the piles of books.
“ You actually read all of these?”
“ This isn’t much,” Mr. Ballou said. “ This is nothing, just what I’ve kept, the ones worth looking at a second time.”
“ Pick for me, then.”
He raised his eyebrows, cocked his head, and regarded me as though measuring me for a suit. After a moment, he nodded, searched through a stack, and handed me a dark red hardbound book, fairly thick.
“ The Last of the Just,” I read. “ By Andre Schwarz-Bart. What’s it about?” “ You tell me,” he said. “ Next week.”
I started after supper, sitting outdoors on an uncomfortable kitchen chair. Within a few pages, the yard, the summer, disappeared, and I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by one decent man, and evil. Translated from French, the language was elegant, simple, impossible to resist. When the evening light finally failed I moved inside, read all through the night,
To this day, thirty years later, I vividly remember the experience. It was my first voluntary encounter with world literature, and I was stunned (震惊) by the concentrated power a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary, however, to translate my feelings into words, so the next week. When Mr. Ballou asked, “ Well?” I only replied, “ It was good?”
“ Keep it, then,” he said. “ Shall I suggest another?”
I nodded, and was presented with the paperback edition of Margaret Mead’s Coming of Age in Samoa ( a very important book on the study of the social and cultural development of peoples--- anthropology (人类学) ).
To make two long stories short, Mr. Ballou never paid me a cent for cutting his grass that year or the next, but for fifteen years I taught anthropology at Dartmouth College. Summer reading was not the innocent entertainment I had assumed it to be, not a light-hearted, instantly forgettable escape in a hammock (吊床) ( though I have since enjoyed many of those, too). A book, if it arrives before you at the right moment, in the proper season, at an internal in the daily business of things, will change the course of all that follows.
【小题1】.The author thought that Mr. Ballou was ______________.

A.rich but meanB.poor but polite
C.honest but forgettableD.strong but lazy
【小题2】. Before his encounter with Mr. Ballou, the author used to read _____________.
A.anything and everythingB.only what was given to him
C.only serious novelsD.nothing in the summer
【小题3】. The author found the first book Mr. Ballou gave him _____________.
A.light-heated and enjoyableB.dull but well written
C.impossible to put downD.difficult to understand
【小题4】. From what he said to the author we can gather that Mr. Ballou _______________.
A.read all books twiceB.did not do much reading
C.read more books than he keptD.preferred to read hardbound books
【小题5】. The following year the author _______________.
A.started studying anthropology at collegeB.continued to cut Mr. Ballou’s lawn
C.spent most of his time lazing away in a hammock
D.had forgotten what he had read the summer before
【小题6】. The author’s main point is that _____________.
A.summer jobs are really good for young people
B.you should insist on being paid before you do a job
C.a good book can change the direction of your life
D.a book is like a garden carried in the pocket.


While all my classmates seen to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars(火星), I’d rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People won’t have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey won’t be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?
Steve Minear, UK
Here are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory…For scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.
Donal Trollop, Canada
There are already too many people on the Earth. I think that sometime before the end of the century, there will be a human colony(殖民地)on Mars. It will happen when people finally realize that tow-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary. Most of the danger of space Flight is in the launches(发射) and landings. Cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money, and open the way to building an everlasting human settlement on another world.
Enough supplies can be sent on ahead. And every two years more supplies and more people will needs, and Mars is far more pleasant than the other planets in the outer space.
Paul Davies. USA
【小题1】 The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is     .

A.to report his classmates’ discussion B.to invite an answer to his question
C.to explain the natural state of MarsD.to show his agreement on going to Mars
【小题2】Which of the following best states Donal Trollop’s idea?
A.There is a plan to send humans to Mars.
B.There are many reasons for going to Mars.
C.Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars.
D.It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars.
【小题3】Paul Davies points out that      .
A.humans need only a one-way ticket to Mars.
B.two-way trips to Mars will be made safe soon
C.it is easy to reduce the danger and cost of flights to Mars
D.it is cheap to build an everlasting human settlement on Mars
【小题4】What does Paul Davies think of human existence on Mars?
A.Humans will have to bring all they need from the Earth.
B.Humans will find Mars totally unsuitable for living.
C.Humans can produce everything they need.
D.Humans can live longer in the colony on Mars

完型填空 (共20小题,每小题1分,满分20分)

The sun didn’t come out. The 15 – year – old girl Razeena said goodbye to her mother and left for school. She was thinking about the coming Christmas and   21  the holiday lights at the nearby senior citizens’ apartment   22  she noticed some smoke through the door.

The building is on fire ! She looked around wildly,  23   not a soul was in   24    .

Razeena   25  .“Fire ! ” she yelled, running into the hallway and striking on every door she saw, “Everybody get   26  !” The building had two floors, she pulled herself   27  ,where the thick   28  was hanging just a few feet   29  the floor. She could see pairs of slippered feet——but no one was moving. She   30  they couldn’t see where to go ! “Down here ! and follow me !” she yelled.   31  a sleeve over her mouth, she led the elderly residents (居民) down the stairs.

So she pounded up and down the stairs, weaving through the smoke and heat to   32  more people. “ Take my arm,” she told the extremely   33  residents. Her eyes burned and flames were hissing louder. Finally, she led the last person out.   34  stood on the side walk, dazed and crying. “Thank you so much,” they told her over and over, “ Without you, we never would have   35 .”

When Razeena walked home, shaking and   36  with dirt, mother cried, “ What happened?!”

“ There was a fire…so many people … I think I   37  them all.” She burst into tears, “ I   38  my uniform. I thought you might be mad! ” Mother   39  her head, tears in her eyes, “Oh honey, I’m so   40  of you,” she whispered.

1.

A.seeing

B.admiring

C.lighting

D.noticing

 

2.

A.when

B.while

C.as

D.for

 

3.

A.and

B.so

C.but

D.however

 

4.

A.public

B.bed

C.school

D.sight

 

5.

A.panicked

B.looked

C.delighted

D.watched

 

6.

A.up

B.down

C.out

D.in

 

7.

A.downstairs

B.upstairs

C.forward

D.back

 

8.

A.smoke

B.fire

C.flame

D.dirt

 

9.

A.in

B.on

C.beyond

D.above

 

10.

A.asked

B.wondered

C.realized

D.cried

 

11.

A.Folding

B.Holding

C.Cutting

D.Finding

 

12.

A.search

B.bring

C.care

D.fetch

 

13.

A.excited

B.moved

C.frightened

D.surprised

 

14.

A.She

B.He

C.You

D.They

 

15.

A.carried out

B.made it

C.gone ahead

D.set free

 

16.

A.covered

B.mixed

C.connected

D.pleased

 

17.

A.saved

B.satisfied

C.led

D.dismissed

 

18.

A.lost

B.injured

C.ruined

D.tore

 

19.

A.dropped

B.shook

C.nodded

D.bent

 

20.

A.thankful

B.tired

C.kind

D.proud

 

 

第二节 完形填空(20小题;每小题15分,共30)

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I went to a birthday party and I remembered what you said. You told me not to drink at all, so I had a Sprite(雪碧)  36  . I felt proud of myself, that I didn’t choose to drink and drive  37  some friends said I should.

I knew I made a wise  38 . Your advice to me was right. As the party  39  ended and the kids drove out of sight, I got into my own  40 , sure to get home at once, never  41  what was coming — something I  42  least. Now I’m lying on the roadside, and I can hear the policeman say:“The kid that caused this accident was  43 .” His voice seems far away. My own blood (血) is all around me. I try hard not to  44 . I can hear someone say: ”This girl is going to die.”

I’m sure the guy had no idea while he was flying  45 . Because he chose to  46 and drive, now I will have to die. So why do people do it since they know that it ruins  47 ? But now the pain is cutting me  48  a hundred stabbing(刺痛的)knives. Tell my sister not to be  49 , tell Daddy to be brave, and if possibly I have to see  50 , put “Daddy’s Girl” on my grave(墓穴).

Someone should have  51  him that it’s wrong to drink and drive. Maybe if his mom and dad had done so, I wouldn’t be like this. My  52  is getting shorter. I’m getting really scared. These are my final  53  and I’m so  54  .

D. too

D. though

D. discovery

D. simply

D. habit

D. repeating

D. expected

D. destroyed

D. talk

D. highly

D. drink

D. friendships

D. by

D. sad

D. God

D. showed

D. happiness

D. pleasures

D. unprepared

D. think

 

C. either

C. unless

C. adventure

C. finally

C. way

C. arguing

C. cared

C. drunk

C. smile

C. lowly

C. sing

C. lives

C. with

C. popular

C. the doctors

C. taught

C. dream

C. trouble

C. disagreed

C. wish

 

B. instead

B. because

B. travel

B. slowly

B. room

B. knowing

B. considered

B. replaced

B. laugh

B. high

B. talk

B. opinions

B. as

B. angry

B. Mum

B. made

B. period

B. moments

B. disliked

B. mean

 
I wish that you could hold me, Mom, as I lie here and die. I  55  that I could say to you, I love you and goodbye.

36. A. as well

37. A. after

38. A. choice

39. A. firstly

40. A. car

41. A. explaining

42. A. unexpected

43. A. lost

44. A. cry

45. A. low

46. A. smoke

47. A. health

48. A. like

49. A. lucky

50. A. my friends

51. A. asked

52. A. breath

53. A. time

54. A. unknown

55. A. hope

 

第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I went to a birthday party and I remembered what you said. You told me not to drink at all, so I had a Sprite(雪碧)  36  . I felt proud of myself, that I didn’t choose to drink and drive  37  some friends said I should.

I knew I made a wise  38 . Your advice to me was right. As the party  39  ended and the kids drove out of sight, I got into my own  40 , sure to get home at once, never  41  what was coming — something I  42  least. Now I’m lying on the roadside, and I can hear the policeman say:“The kid that caused this accident was  43 .” His voice seems far away. My own blood (血) is all around me. I try hard not to  44 . I can hear someone say: ”This girl is going to die.”

I’m sure the guy had no idea while he was flying  45 . Because he chose to  46 and drive, now I will have to die. So why do people do it since they know that it ruins  47 ? But now the pain is cutting me  48  a hundred stabbing(刺痛的)knives. Tell my sister not to be  49 , tell Daddy to be brave, and if possibly I have to see  50 , put “Daddy’s Girl” on my grave(墓穴).

Someone should have  51  him that it’s wrong to drink and drive. Maybe if his mom and dad had done so, I wouldn’t be like this. My  52  is getting shorter. I’m getting really scared. These are my final  53  and I’m so  54  .

D. too

D. though

D. discovery

D. simply

D. habit

D. repeating

D. expected

D. destroyed

D. talk

D. highly

D. drink

D. friendships

D. by

D. sad

D. God

D. showed

D. happiness

D. pleasures

D. unprepared

D. think

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