People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions--and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said.“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and ignore the mouth.”
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories:happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said.“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion.Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
(1)
The discovery shows that Westerners ________.
[ ]
A.
pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B.
consider facial expressions universally reliable
C.
observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D.
have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
(2)
What were the people asked to do in the study?
[ ]
A.
To make a face at each other.
B.
To get their faces impressive.
C.
To classify some face pictures.
D.
To observe the researchers' faces.
(3)
What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
[ ]
A.
The participants in the study.
B.
The researchers of the study.
C.
The errors made during the study.
D.
The data collected from the study.
(4)
In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________.
More than seven hundred years ago, the Prince of Wales had a very big and brave dog called Gelert.One day the Prince wanted to go hunt-ing with his men.He told his dog to stay at home and look after his baby son.The baby was in a wooden cradle, which was like a small bed.When the Prince came back from hunt-ing, Gelert ran out to meet his master.He wagged his tail and jumped up to put his paws on the Prince's chest.Then the Prince saw the blood on Gelert's jaws and head.
"What have you done?" the Prince said.He rushed into his house and looked for his baby son.The cradle was lying on its side on the floor.The clothes were torn and there was blood on them.
"So you have killed my son?" the Prince said angrily."You unfaithful dog!" He took out his sword and killed the dog.Just as Gelert was dying, he managed to bark.Then the Prince heard a baby call to the dog.
The Prince ran out of the house and saw his son lying on the ground unhurt.Near him was a dead wolf.Then the Prince knew that Gelert had defended the baby and killed the wolf.
The Prince ran back into the house but he was too late.Gelert was dead.The Prince was very sad indeed.Tears ran down his face when he realized 'he had killed his faith-ful friend.The Prince carried the body of his brave dog to the top of a mountain and buried him there.After this, the Prince never smiled again.Every morning at dawn, he walked up the mountain and stood by the dog's grave for a few minutes.
If you go to Mount Snowdon in Wales, people will show you where Gelert is buried.There is a sign by his grave.It reminds peo-ple of a brave and faithful dog.
(1)
Gelert was the dog of the Prince of _________.
[ ]
A.
Scotland
B.
England
C.
Ireland
D.
Wales
(2)
The Prince told the dog to _________ when he was leaving.
[ ]
A.
watch the door
B.
take care of his baby at home
C.
welcome his friends
D.
stop the strangers
(3)
The dog was very _________ when his master came back from hunting.