Question

Attitude is an internal(内在的) state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual(个人). Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.
The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas-all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired(获得) throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.
Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.
Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single events, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification(修正) of attitudes

1. 1.
   According to the passage, attitudes        
   1. A.
      come from different situations in one’s life
   2. B.
      are largely affected by one’s behavior
   3. C.
      remain unchanged in one’s daily life
   4. D.
      could be chosen according to one’s will
2. 2.
   The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show        
   1. A.
      people often make mistakes when they are not noticed
   2. B.
      people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds
   3. C.
      particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action
   4. D.
      an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily
3. 3.
   Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?
   1. A.
      Attitudes are only learned through one’s success
   2. B.
      Attitudes learned in danger will last no more
   3. C.
      Copying others’ behavior is not a good idea
   4. D.
      Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents
4. 4.
   What would be the best title for the passage?
   1. A.
      Differences of Attitudes
   2. B.
      Nature(本质) of Attitude
   3. C.
      Choices of Attitudes
   4. D.
      Changes of Attitude

Answer 1

ACDB
试题分析：本文叙述了态度是一种可以影响个体行为选择的内在状态。一些研究者认为态度来源于信仰和观念的差异；另一些研究者相信态度来自情绪状态。在这里，我们把焦点放在态度对行为的影响方面，也就是说，对个体行为的影响。态度是通过各种途径学习的，他们可以由偶然事件产生，他们市由模仿他人的行为而来，就像孩时通过观察父母的行为，学习对待外国人的态度。
1.细节理解题。These internal states are acquired(获得) throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.
人的态度不同来源于不同的生活，故选A。
2.细节理解题。人的不同的情况影响个人的行为，故选C。
3.细节理解题。as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents.主要是从父母那里学到的，故选D。
4.标题归纳题。纵观全文主要叙述了态度的本质，故选B。
考点：人生百味类短文阅读。
点评：细节理解题是阅读理解题中必考的一种题型，其解题依据主要在阅读材料中找。笔者发现，这种题型可以用“重现”的方法来解答。所谓“重现”，就是指某一个单词或短语的同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词在文中重复出现的现象。这种方法常用于解答完形填空，但用来解答阅读理解细节题也同样管用。细节理解题的重现指的是：正确答案选项语句中的单词或短语与阅读材料中的单词或短语构成一种重复出现的关系。它同样可以分为：同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词。