题目内容
任务型阅读（每空一词，每空一分）
It is interesting to know what people of different nations like to be best.
In France, when a woman enters a café or restaurant, she is freely discussed, not only about her appearance but about her past and future as well. She invites looks in the street whether she is beautiful or plain. There is no better way for a woman to get back her self-confidence than a walk in the streets of Paris or Marseilles, and woman really like that.
In Italy, people love talking. They sit about in cafes, exchanging news and discussing politics. They do not hesitate to ask questions about the family, income and private life of anybody who happens to be there.
The Swiss eat as a pastime. Ladies walk into a teashop, eat a couple of ice creams and a large piece of chocolate cake, and then leave, complaining about their weight.
For the Americans, the greatest fondness is said to be the push of buttons. You push a button in the lift, you push a button for cigarette, chewing gums, stamps, even for a life insurance. You can even push a button to get married and another button to get divorced.
In England, waiting in a line is national passion. The English will form a line whether they have the opportunity or not. Long queues can be seen, for example, at stations when the train is practically empty and everybody can have a seat.
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In different 1.__ |
What people like to do best |
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In France |
People love to discuss how a woman 2._, what she did in the past and what she will be in the future. Women like to 3.___ in the street to get back confidence. |
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In Italy |
People sit in café, 4.__ with each other, and sometimes they even ask about some 5.__ information. |
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In Swiss |
Ladies eat a lot of fatty 6.___ but they often 7.____ having done so. |
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In the8.__ |
It seems that you can do almost everything 9.___ pushing buttons. |
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In England |
The whole nation love to10.___in a line almost anywhere and anytime. |
1.nations/countries
2.looks
3. walk
4.talking
5.private
6.food
7.regret
8.USA
9.by/through
10.wait
【解析】
试题分析：
1. nations/countries 原词再现。根据文章第一行people of different nations like to be best.说明是指在不同的国家里。
2.looks 同义句转换。根据she is freely discussed, not only about her appearance这里谈论外貌就是谈论对方看起来怎么样look lile.
3. walk 词性转换。根据第二段There is no better way for a woman to get back her self-confidence than a walk in the streets of Paris or Marseilles, and woman really like that.本句中的walk是名词，表格里应该使用动词的形式。
4.talking 原词再现。根据第三段第一行In Italy, people love talking. They sit about in cafes,说明他们在咖啡馆里谈论。
5.private 原词再现。根据private life of anybody。说明谈论的私人的信息。
6.food 归纳总结。根据倒数第二段eat a couple of ice creams and a large piece of chocolate cake这里她们所吃的都是一个富含脂肪的食物。
7.regret 词义转换。根据倒数第二段第二行complaining about their weight.说明他们很遗憾自己这样做，会让自己胖起来。
8.USA 同义词转换。根据倒数第二段第三行For the Americans。
9.by/through 根据倒数第二段后半段说明美国人的生活中习惯了按按钮，所以说美国人是通过按按钮来生活的。
10.wait 同义句转换。根据最后一段第二句The English will form a line whether they have the opportunity or not.说明英国人习惯了排队等待。
考点：考查任务型阅读
点评：本文属于任务型阅读，在完成此类题目时，要仔细阅读短文和表格，根据文章的篇章结构找出原文中的相应的语群，从同义词，近义词，反义词等角度出发，寻找原词再现，进行归纳总结，确定合适的答案。
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Nowadays people use different ways to communicate with each other. And does one always tell the truth when he or she talks with the other on the phone? Or does one sometimes tell a lie when writing an e-mail or giving an instant message? Recent research has found that communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study, made by Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in e-mails. The fact that e-mails are automatically recorded--- and can come back to trouble you---appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock made an investigation by asking 30 students to keep a communication diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or e-mail exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of e-mails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
His results, to be presented at the conference on human computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because the unreal condition makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触) of e-mailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because people are more practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also very important and effective whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know that they will be responsible for what they have said in the conversation, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in e-mail than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time---in an instant message or phone call, say---than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are sudden or immediate responses to demands that they don’t expect, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help business companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for selling their products where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is regarded as more important than others, might be best done using e-mails.
Jeff Hancock’s study on lying in different ways of communications
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The ___71___ from the statistics of the investigation |
Lies become ___72___ when the communicating ways change from ___73___ to instant messages to face-to-face interactions to phone call. |
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The ___74___ why people lie / don’t lie |
People won’t lie when their conversations will be recorded and can be reread, or when they know they should be ___75___ for what have said. People lie in real time mostly because they have to answer ___76___questions without hesitation. |
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The ___77___ that business companies can learn from the study |
Using telephones for ___78___ because their employees can stretch the truth. Using e-mails for work assessment because their employees must tell what they’ve done ___79___. |
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The inference(推断) from the study |
Suitable media should be chosen for different ___80___ purposes. |
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| You have probably heard it before, most likely from your English teacher. If you want to become a good writer, read good writing. Unfortunately, you may not have understood what did good to you and even what you were supposed to get from that experience. As you start reading a book, poem, or story, do so with no thought at all and the experience will improve your writing. Just read for pleasure to begin with, or to learn. As you progress through the work, think about whether or not it is "easy" reading. Do you become so interested in the subject and flow of the writing that you completely forget the person who wrote it, or does the composition sometimes call too much attention to itself through words and phrases that seem out of place or unexpected? These latter situations are a chance to learn from the writer's mistakes. In fact, the reader should not have to worry about how an author does "his thing"... he should be able to just enjoy and learn. Every time a word strikes you as poorly chosen, stop to consider why it has this effect. Also, do not spend a lot of time analyzing (分析) the passage but put more efforts in enjoying it from the whole. Another thing I do, particularly with nonfiction (非小说) books, is to select a part to read as if it is a completely separate work. Once again, read as a common consumer (消费者) rather than a critic (批评家). For learning how words and phrases work together on the most basic (基本的) level, however, nothing is more suitable than your devotion to reading poems. A poet is often trying to put a book's worth of meaning and feelings into lines, and every side of the work shows a very close attention to craft (工艺). As you can see, there is no one simple way of reading to improve your writing. The key is not to make it boring. Select authors you admire or like most, and enjoy their works as anyone else would. As long as you are reading, you are improving yourself as a writer. | ||||||||
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| Is there a "success personality"-some winning combination of qualities that leads almost inevitably (必然 地) to achievement? If so, exactly what is that secret success formula (公式), and can anyone develop it? At the Gallop Organization we recently focused in depth on success, inquiring into the attitudes of 1500 distinguished people selected at random (任意地) from Who's Who in America. Our research finds out a number of qualities that occur regularly among top achievers. Here is one of the most important, that is common sense. Common sense is the most widely possessed quality of the people surveyed. 79 percent award themselves a top score in this quality. And 61 percent say that common sense is very important in contributing to their success. To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to remove extra ideas and get right to the key points of what matters. A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way:"The key ability for success is simplifying. In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry reducing a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important." Is common sense a quality a person is born with, or can you do something to increase it? The oil man's answer is that common sense can definitely be developed. He owes his to learning how to debate in school. Another way to increase your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their-and your own-mistakes. Besides common sense, there are many other factors that influence success: knowing your field, self- reliance, intelligence, the ability to get things done, leadership, creativity, relationships with others, and of course, luck. But common sense stands out. If you develop these qualities, you'll succeed. And you might even find yourself listed in Who's Who someday. | |||||||||||
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第四部分 写作
第一节 任务型阅读（每空一词0.5分，共5分）
More than a century after its discovery, Alzheimer’s disease is still destroying people’s brains. The cause remains unknown.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common disability or mental sickness called dementia. Dementia is the loss of thinking ability that is severe enough to interfere with daily activities.
About thirty million people around the world have Alzheimer’s disease. In the United States, more than five million people are said to suffer from this slowly increasing brain disorder (疾病).
Alzheimer’s disease generally develops differently in each person. Yet some early signs of the disease are common. The victims may not recognize changes in themselves. Others see the changes and struggle to hide them.
Probably the most common early sign is short-term memory loss. The victims cannot remember something that happened yesterday, for example. Also, the victims have increasing difficulty learning and storing new information. Slowly, thinking becomes much more difficult. The victims cannot understand a joke, or cannot cook a meal, or perform simple work.
Another sign of the disease is difficulty solving simple problems. The patients might not know what to do if food on a stove is burning. Also, people have trouble following directions or finding their way to places they have known all their lives.
Yet another sign is struggling to find the right words to express thoughts or understand what is being discussed. Finally, people with Alzheimer’s disease seem to change. Quiet people may become noisy. They may easily become angry and lose their ability to trust others.
Alzheimer’s disease affects memory and personality. The victims slowly lose their ability to deal with everyday life.
Victims of Alzheimer’s disease do die from its effects or conditions linked to it. But death may not come for many years.
Patients cannot fully recover from the disease. But many can be helped by medicine. That is especially true if the disease is found early.
| Title | Alzheimer’s disease: The World’s Most Common Form of Dementia |
| Current situations | ★ The disease was _76_ over a century ago, and is still destroying people’s brains. ★ About thirty million people worldwide _77_ from the disease. ★ More than five million Americans have this slowly increasing brain disorder. |
| Cause | It is still__ 78__. |
| _ 79_ | ★ Short-term memory loss. ★ The victims find it more difficult to learn and __80_ new information. ★ The victims have difficulty in thinking. ★ Solving simple problems has become difficult for them. ★ The victims struggle to express themselves __81__. ★ The victims’ __82__ seem to change . |
| __83__ | Memory and personality are affected. The basic ability will be slowly_84__. Death may occur to victims of the disease. |
| Treatment | The patients can be helped at an early stage by medicine but cannot be __85__of the disease. |