题目内容

Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.

  Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated (展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.

  In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.

  “Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”

  The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.

  Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”

  He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.

46. BCI is a technology that can ________.

  A. help to update computer systems                            B. link the human brain with computers

C. help the disabled to recover                              D. control a person's thoughts

47 .How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?

  A. By controlling his muscles.                                 B. By talking to the machine.

C. By moving his hand.                                    D. By using his mind.

48.Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?

  A. scalp → computer → cap →wheelchair

  B. compute → cap → scalp →wheelchair

  C. scalp → cap → computer →wheelchair

  D. cap → computer → scalp →wheelchair

49.The team will test with real patients to ________.

  A. make profits from them                              B. prove the technology useful to them

C. make them live longer                                        D. learn about their physical condition

50.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

  A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center

B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works

C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled

  D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries

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When Frida Kahlo's paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “ a ribbon (丝带)around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.

Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City , Kahlo suffered from polio(小儿麻痹症)at the age of seven. Her spine (脊柱)became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but noting was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.

In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Rivera’s strong influences on Kahlo’s style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.

Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and1940s, even in her home country. Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlo’s works remained largely unnoticed by the world, but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.

1.What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in paragraph 1 most nearly mean?

A.a far better artist                        B.a much more famous person

C.a much stronger person                  D.a far more gifted artist

2.The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by        .

A.back injuries       B.her bent spine      C.polio             D.the operations she had

3.Kahlo’s style had become increasingly independent since the          .

A.1930s            B.1970s            C.1950s            D.1940s

4.What is author’s attitude toward Kahlo?

A.Devotion          B.Encouragement     C.Worry            D.Sympathy(同情)

 

Recently, one of my best friends, whom I've shared just about everything with since the first day of kindergarten, spent the weekend with me. Since I moved to a new town several years ago,we've both always looked forward to the few times a year when we can see each other.

Over the weekend, we spent hours and hours, staying up late into the night, talking about the people she was hanging around with. She started telling me stories about her new boyfriend, about how he experimented with drugs and was into other self­destructive(自我毁灭的) behavior. I was blown away! She told me how she had been lying to her parents about where she was going and even stealing out to see this guy because they didn't want her around him. No matter how hard I tried to tell her that she deserved better, she didn't believe me. Her self­respect seemed to have disappeared.

I tried to convince her that she was ruining her future and heading for big trouble. I felt like I was getting nowhere. I just couldn't believe that she really  thought it was acceptable to hang out with a group of losers, especially her boyfriend.

By the time she left,I was really worried about her and exhausted by the experience. It had been so frustrating,I had come close to telling her several times during the weekend that maybe we had just grown too far apart to continue our friendship, but I didn't. I put the power of friendship to the final test. We'd been friends for far too long. I had to hope that she valued me enough to know that I was trying to save her from hurting herself. I wanted to believe that our friendship could conquer anything.

A few days later, she called to say that she had thought long and hard about our conversation, and then she told me that she had broken up with her boyfriend. I just listened on the other end of the phone with tears of joy running down my face. It was one of the truly rewarding moments in my life. Never had I been so proud of a friend.

1.In the writer's opinion,her friend ________.

A.was a girl with no self­respect

B.could find a better boyfriend

C.was brave enough to stick to her own choice

D.didn't value the writer's suggestion

2.What did the writer worry about?

A.She would lose the friendship with her.

B.Her friend's parents would be worried about their daughter.

C.Her friend would get into great trouble with the boy.

D.Her friend's boyfriend would be in great trouble.

3.We may learn from Paragraph 3 that the writer________.

A.didn't want to go anywhere else

B.understood her friend's hanging with her boyfriend

C.couldn't believe that her friend's choice was acceptable

D.doubted that she could in any way help her friend

4.What can be concluded from the passage?

A.Friendship starting from childhood is not reliable.

B.Friendship is a cure for any injury in life.

C.Friendship should be everlasting once begun.

D.Friendship can have magical power in life.

 

Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3,000 US adolescents (少年) will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults.During their lifetime, it can be __1__ that of these 3,000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic __2__, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking­related disease.The number of deaths __3__ by cigarette smoking outweigh all other factors, whether __4__ or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors __5__ 30%, smoking rates among __6__ have declined.While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be __7__.First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have __8__ very little.Second, in the late 1970s, smoking among __9__ high school seniors exceeded(超过) that among female by nearly 10%.The statistic is reversing.Third, several recent studies have __10__ that high school dropouts(辍学者)have excessively __11__ smoking rate, as much as 75%.Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have __12__ in the past decade, no definite __13__ for the decline to exist.Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current __14__ to take the most effective measures to __15__ smoking level among youth.

1.                A.inferred        B.believed        C.expected D.hoped

 

2.                A.peaks          B.accidents       C.problems D.jams

 

3.                A.damaged        B.caused         C.led D.made

 

4.                A.happy          B.healthy         C.voluntary D.crazy

 

5.                A.had            B.totaled         C.got  D.reached

 

6.                A.youth          B.students        C.girls D.boys

 

7.                A.raised          B.lifted           C.asked    D.questioned

 

8.                A.grown          B.changed        C.risen D.declined

 

9.                A.old            B.male           C.young    D.female

 

10.               A.insisted         B.indicated       C.denied    D.wondered

 

11.               A.large          B.small           C.high  D.low

 

12.               A.sunk           B.set            C.produced  D.occurred

 

13.               A.reasons        B.causes         C.ways  D.results

 

14.               A.survey         B.study          C.figure D.effort

 

15.               A.stop           B.reduce         C.forbid D.limit

 

 

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