题目内容
16.Next time a customer comes to your office,offer him a cup of coffee.And when you're doing your holiday shopping online,make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea.The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth,while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions-those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A.Bargh.Psychologists have known that one person's perception(感知) of another's"warmth"is a powerful determiner in social relationships.Judging someone to be either"warm"or"cold"is a primary consideration,even trumping evidence that a"cold"person may be more capable.Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences,Bargh argues,when babies'conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations,particularly warmth and coldness.Classic studies by Harry Harlow,published in 1958,showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth"mother"rather than one made of wire,even when the wire"mother"carried a food bottle.Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of"warmth"and"coldness"in social judgments appear to be universal.Although no worldwide study has been done,Bargh says that describing people as"warm"or"cold"is common to many cultures,and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth,Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41college students.A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses(假设),handed the students either a hot cup of coffee,or a cold drink,to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form:The drink was then handed back.After that,the students were asked to rate the personality of"Person A"based on a particular description.Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
"We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,"says Bargh.
51.According to Paragraph 1,a person's emotion may be affected byC.
A.the visitors to his office
B.the psychology lessons he has
C.his physical feeling of coldness
D.the things he has bought online
52.The author mentions Harlow's experiment to show thatB.
A.adults should develop social skills
B.babies need warm physical contact
C.caregivers should be healthy adults
D.monkeys have social relationships
53.In Bargh's experiment,the students were asked toA.
A.evaluate someone's personality
B.write down their hypotheses
C.fill out a personal information form
D.hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
54.We can infer from the passage thatC.
A.abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B.feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C.physical temperature affects how we see others
D.capable persons are often cold to others
55.What would be the best title for the passage?D
A.Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
B.Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
C.Developing Better Drinking Habits.
D.Physical Sensations and Emotions.
分析 科学家通过试验证明,在人际交往中,人们能从对方哪怕端来的一杯水中感受到对方的温暖或冷淡,因此,在人际交往中,我们要用关心去温暖对方.
解答 51.C 细节理解题.根据第一段的he physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth,while acold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions身体温暖的感觉鼓励情绪温暖,而手上的冷饮阻止你做出不明智的决定.可知,人的情绪受身体对冷热的不同感受的影响,故选C.
52.B 推理判断题.根据第二段的Harlow's work and later studies have ledpsychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers tohelp young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.哈洛的工作和后来的研究使心理学家强调照顾者需要温暖的身体接触,帮助孩子成长为有正常社交能力的健康成人.可知婴儿需要温暖,故选B.
53.A 细节理解题.由文章倒数第二段的the students were asked to rate the personality of"Person A"based on a particular deion.可知,接受实验的学生应对PersonA作出评价.故选A.
54.C 推理判断题.根据全文内容可知,身体能感受到的温暖能激起情绪上温暖的感觉,一个人所接触的物体的温度会影响一个人的情绪,所以身体的温度影响我们如何看待他人,故选C.
55.D 主旨大意题.根据全文可知,在人际关系中我们能从对方传递的热情或冷淡中感受到人间冷暖.人的情绪受身体对冷热的不同感受的影响,所以本文主要讲了身体感觉和情绪的关系,故选D.
点评 本文是科教类阅读,考查学生对细节的理解把握和推理判断能力,做题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
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A. | diary | B. | energy | C. | reply | D. | daily |
The human race has always tried to (52)A the weather,especially in areas of the world where there are many changes.Two popular traditional ways of predicting weather use pine cones(松果) and seaweed(海草).When the air has a high level of humidity(湿度),there is a higher chance of rain.When the humidity is low,there is more chance of (53)C weather.Pine cones and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low,(54)B high humidity has the opposite effect.
Today's methods of prediction increasingly depend on (55)C.Satellites,balloons,ships,aircraft and weather centers with (56)A equipments send data to computers.The data is then (57)B,and the weather is predicted.However,(58)D this system can not predict weather for longer than about a week.
A recent study by an Australian scientist suggests that certain people may have a special (59)A for predicting weather.However,it is (60)D that these people could use their talent in another way,since the same group had a lot of success in predicting changes in another system-the stock market.
It (61)C that a study of weather may also enable scientists to predict the sudden (62)A of a disease.An Ebola epidemic (a kind of disease) in Uganda in the year 2000came after the same rare (63)D conditions that had been present before a sudden spread of the disease 6years earlier.Efforts to (64)C the spread of air-borne diseases such as foot and mouth are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.
50.A.shows | B.affects | C.predicts | D.introduces |
51.A.enjoyment | B.sadness | C.excitement | D.laziness |
52.A.guess | B.use | C.change | D.improve |
53.A.windy | B.bad | C.fine | D.cold |
54.A.when | B.while | C.although | D.as |
55.A.industry | B.intelligence | C.technology | D.people |
56.A.monitoring | B.predicting | C.shaping | D.moving |
57.A.used | B.processed | C.taught | D.answered |
58.A.also | B.still | C.only | D.even |
59.A.gift | B.concern | C.application | D.liking |
60.A.necessary | B.easy | C.unique | D.possible |
61.A.happens | B.occurs | C.appears | D.estimates |
62.A.start | B.shift | C.cure | D.crash |
63.A.living | B.working | C.health | D.weather |
64.A.encourage | B.quicken | C.limit | D.shorten |
As I was trying to understand him through his heavy accent,I realized that Vladimir had been trained and(48)Cby the culture in Russia and that led to his different coaching style and unusually high(49)D.He spent over 1,182hours(50)A,receiving no praises and was simply expected to(51)D.This method of coaching that seemed so foreign to me was from what he(52)A,leaving home at the age of twelve,and eventually winning an Olympic medal.
I began to appreciate his(53)Cto give out praises.He had a much different idea on how best to coach and motivate swimmers.He did not feel the(54)Bto say compliments(称赞),since he believed one should be(55)Dwithout these praises.
It was the fact that he was so different from my previous coaches that made him(56)A.He forced me to really think about why I was swimming.I learned to swim not for(57)Cbut to find the motivation.It became clear to me that the(58)Dof experiencing different coaching styles is that each one can bring out the best in me if I learn from these(59)A.Various training styles may be (60)B to me at the start but can help me grow in many ways.
41.A.founded | B.joined | C.interviewed | D.trained |
42.A.typical | B.practical | C.polite | D.positive |
43.A.Therefore | B.Otherwise | C.However | D.Moreover |
44.A.words | B.voices | C.jokes | D.news |
45.A.followed | B.helped | C.forced | D.checked |
46.A.promises | B.smiles | C.behaviors | D.surprises |
47.A.funny | B.poor | C.cold | D.familiar |
48.A.awarded | B.judged | C.influenced | D.frightened |
49.A.qualities | B.limits | C.temperatures | D.expectations |
50.A.swimming | B.dreaming | C.seeking | D.thinking |
51.A.inspire | B.fail | C.chat | D.perform |
52.A.went through | B.gave up | C.carried out | D.turned down |
53.A.gift | B.removal | C.refusal | D.argument |
54.A.possibility | B.need | C.duty | D.right |
55.A.advised | B.ignored | C.accepted | D.encouraged |
56.A.valuable | B.modest | C.humorous | D.ordinary |
57.A.fame | B.prize | C.praise | D.power |
58.A.pleasure | B.risk | C.chance | D.benefit |
59.A.differences | B.measures | C.mistakes | D.stories |
60.A.similar | B.uncomfortable | C.important | D.impossible. |
A. | said | B. | to say | C. | saying | D. | being said |
A. | saw | B. | has seen | C. | sees | D. | had seen |