Einstein s IQ =160 + What about yours? Intelligence Quotient I.Q. stands for “Intelligence Quotient which is a measure of a person's intelligence found by means of an intelligence test. Before marks 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Einstein”s IQ =160 + What about yours?

Intelligence Quotient

I.Q. stands for “Intelligence Quotient” which is a measure of a person's intelligence found by means of an intelligence test. Before marks gained in such a test can be useful as information about a person, they must be compared with some standard, or norm（规范）. It is not enough simply to know that a boy of thirteen has scored, say, ninety marks in a particular test. To know whether he is clever, average or dull, his marks must be compared with the average achieved by other boys of thirteen in that test.

In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet （1857--1911）, devised the standard by which intelligence has since been assessed．Binet was asked to find a method of selecting all children in the schools of Paris who should be taken out of ordinary classes and put in special classes for defectives. The problem brought home to him the need for a standard for measuring intelligence, and he hit upon the very simple concept of “mental age”.

First of all, he invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of different ages through them. He then found at what age each test was passed by the average child．For instance, he found that the average child of seven could count backwards from 20 to 1 and the average child of three could repeat the sentence:" We are going to have a good time in the country ."Billet arranged the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale against which he could measure every individual. If, for example, a boy aged twelve could only do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years below average, and that he had a mental age of nine.

The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists, with the required standard．It enabled him to state scores in intelligence tests in terms of a norm merely by subtracting（减去） the “mental” age of a child from his “chronological” age. Then the boy in the example given would be 'three years retarded'（迟缓、耽误）. Later the “mental ratio” was introduced; that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has a mental ratio of 0.75.

The “mental age” measurement was then replaced by the more famous I.Q.（intelligence quotient）

1．To judge a child' s intelligence, his marks in a test must be compared with marks gained by _ _____________.

A．others of the same age

B．children of different ages

C．a number of children aged thirteen

D．the same child at different ages

2．The word “defective” refers to ________.

A．average children B．poor children

C．children of low intelligence D．very intelligent children

3．Binet used a large number of children in his tests because he wanted to find out________.

A．who were the most stupid B．the defectives

C．what a bright child could do D．a norm

4．The purpose of I.Q. test is to find out ______________.

A．whether one has the intelligence of thirteen-year-old children

B．whether one is clever, average or dull

C．whether one is mature enough for his age

D．whether one is tall enough for his age

5．The I.Q. is___________________.

A．the mental age divided by the chronological age and multiplied by a hundred

B．the mental age multiplied by the chronological age and divided by a hundred

C．the chronological age divided by mental age and multiplied by a hundred

D．the average age divided by the mental age and multiplied by a hundred．

ACDBA

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What will you be doing when you are 26 years old? Studying at university or working for a living? Take a look at what Albert Einstein was doing at the age of 26.

100 years ago, Einstein was working in Switzerland. His hobby was physics. Without much money or help, he wrote five papers(论文) for a physics magazine. Three of these greatly changed the study of physics and our understanding of space, time, light and matter(物质). His most famous work is on the Theory of Relativity(相对论). Einstein was given the Nobel Prize for his discoveries. Although he also did many other things later, the years 1905 has been called Einstein’s “Year of Wonders”. It has been 100 years since then. Because of this, the UN has named 05 the World Year of Physics.

Today, over fifty years after Einstein’s death, a question is asked, “ Will there ever be another Einstein?” It may take a long time. After all, Einstein was born more than 200 years after Sir Isaac Newton, another great scientist. Besides, physics is a different field now, and education is different, too. Even if you can’t be the next great scientist, it is still helpful to remember some of the things that made Einstein great. He thought independently(独立地) and read widely. He left with us a formula(公式) for life: If A is a success in life, then A=X+Y+Z. X is work, Y is play, and Z is keeping your mouth shut.

The year 1905 is known as Einstein’s “Year of Wonders” because .

A. Einstein was working in Switzerland in 1905 B. Einstein was 26 years old in 1905

C. Einstein made some very important discoveries in 1905 D. Einstein studied physics in 1905

Why hasn’t there been another scientist as great as Einstein?

A. Because the study of physics is not enough.

B. Because it is hard to make important discoveries as Einstein did.

C. Because people don’t work hard any more.

D. Because physics is getting more and more difficult.

The UN has named 05 the World Year of Physics because .

A. Einstein is 100 years old this year

B. Einstein has been dead for more than 50 years

C. there have been other great discoveries after Einstein’s death

D. it is the 100^th year since Einstein’s “Year of Wonders”

What does Einstein’s formula for life mean?

A. Success means years of hard work.

B. Success means all study and no play.

C. Success means working hard, relaxing and not talking too much.

D. Success is a secret that nobody knows.

What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others??The answer is“no”.It isn't the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which makes him a scientist .You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter（木匠）.You will probably agree,too, that knowing how to investigate（调查）,how to discover information ,is important to everyone. The scientist ,however ,goes one step further ;he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.?

The scientist's knowledge must be exact .There's no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit .What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different ,any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration（实证）must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science .Albert Einstein ,who developed the Theory of Relativity ,arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy（正确性）of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein's ideas were proved to be correct .A scientist uses many tools for measurements .Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations（计算）that may test his investigations.

1.What makes a scientist according to the passage??

A.The tools he uses.

B.His ways of learning.?

C.The way he uses his tools.

D.The various tools he uses.?

2.“...knowing how to investigate ,how to discover information ,is important to everyone.”The writer says this to show_______.?

A.the importance of information

B.the difference between scientists and ordinary people?

C.the importance of thinking

D.the difference between carpenters and ordinary people?

3.A sound scientific theory should be one that_______.?

A.works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times?

B.leaves no room for improvement?

C.doesn't allow any change even under different conditions?

D.can be used for many purposes?

4.What is the main idea of the passage??

A.Scientists are different from ordinary people.?

B.The Theory of Relativity.?

C.Exactness is the core（核心）of science.?

D.Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.?

People with bigger brains ftend to score higher on standardized tests of intelligence， according to new study findings.
However， the study author Dr Michael A.McDaniel of the Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond emphasized that these findings represent a general trend， and people with small heads should not automatically believe they are less intelligent. For instance， Albert Einstein’s brain was “not particularly large”， McDaniel noted. “There’s some relationship between brain size and intelligence on the average， but there’s plenty of room for exceptions，” he said.
Interest in the relationship between brain size and intelligence grew in the1830s， when German anatomist(解剖学家) Frederich Tiedmann wrote that he believed there was “an unquestionable connection between the size of the brain and the mental energy displayed by the individual man”. Since that statement， scientists have conducted numerous studies to determine if Tiedmann’s assertion was， in fact， correct. Most studies have looked into the link between head size and intelligence. More recently， however， researchers have published additional studies on brain size and intelligence， measured using MRI scan(核磁共振成像扫描).
For his study， McDaniel analyzed more than 20 studies that looked into the relationship between brain size and intelligence in a total of 1,530 people. The studies showed that on the average， people with larger brain volume tended to be more intelligent. The relationship between brain volume and intelligence was stronger in women than men， and in adults than in children. McDaniel notes in the journal Intelligence.
McDaniel is not sure why the relationship was stronger for adults and women. “Other research has shown that women， on the average， tend to have smaller brains than men， but score just as well—if not higher—in tests of intelligence，” he said.
McDaniel insisted that the relationship between brain size and intelligence is not a “perfect” one. “One can certainly find lots of examples of smaller-sized people who are highly intelligent，” he said， “But， on the average， the relationship holds.”
【小题1】. What does the text mainly talk about？

A．MRI scans are applied to intelligence.

B．On the average， a bigger brain means higher IQ.

C．Dr McDaniel did well in his intelligence study.

D．Scientists are interested in Tiedmann’s idea.

【小题2】 By mentioning Albert Einstein， the writer wants to show　　　　.

A．Albert Einstein was intelligent

B．the result of intelligence test was false

C．being hard working is more important than intelligence

D．brain size doesn’t necessarily decide the level of intelligence

【小题3】 The underlined word “assertion” in Para. 3 probably means “　　　　”.
A. experiment B. statement C proof D. demand
【小题4】 After Frederich Tiedmann wrote his article，　　　　.

A．many scientists agreed with him

B．numerous studies have failed to prove his idea

C．MRI scan became popularly used

D．lots of researchers were interested in the connections between head size and intelligence

【小题5】 According to the text， Dr McDaniel’s study　　　　.

A．proves Tiedmann’s idea was completely true

B．shows women are smarter than men

C．involves many studies and a lot of people

D．explains why people with smaller brains are clever

第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
第一节：阅读选择（计分30）
A
Do you sometimes argue about what seems to you to be simple fact? Do you argue whether it' s cold outdoors or whether the car in front of you is going faster than the speed limit?
If you get into such arguments, try to think about the story about the six blind men and the elephant. The first blind man who felt the elephant' s trunk said it was like a snake. The second who felt the elephant's side said it was like a wall, while the third said it was like a spear as he touched the animal' s tusk. The fourth, who caught hold of the elephant's tail insisted that it was like a rope. The fifth man said it looked like a tree as he put his arms around one of the elephant' s legs. The sixth, who was tall and got hold of the elephant' s ears, said it was like a huge fan.
Each man' s idea of the animal came from his own experience. So if someone disagrees with you about a "simple fact", it' s often because his experience in the matter is different from yours.
To see how hard it is for even one person to make up his mind about a "simple fact", try this simple experiment. Get three large bowls. Put ice water in one. Put hot water in the second. Put lukewarm water in the third. Now put your left hand in the ice water. Put your right hand in the hot water. After thirty seconds, put both hands in the lukewarm water. Your right hand will tell you the water is cold. Your left hand will tell you it's hot!
56. What makes people think about simple facts differently?
A. The fact that simple facts differ from one another.
B. The fact that people have different experience in the simple facts.
C. The fact that people often disagree with one another.
D. The fact that it' s hard to make up one's mind about simple facts.
57. The writer's advice is____.
A. we should never think about simple facts
B. we should never judge something with a one-sided view
C. we should not agree about simple facts
D. we must learn from the six blind men
58. After reading the last paragraph, we may think of ____.
A. Newton' s law B. Galileo' s theory of falling objects
C. Einstein' s Theory of Relativity D. Marx' s On Capital
59. The main idea of this passage is ____.
A. people often judge something according to his own experience
B. people often agree about simple facts
C. it's hard for a person to make up his mind about a simple fact
D. you should not care too much about simple fact

We like to consider ourselves the superior race, and we are. It’s true that we are getting to know more and more, and we actually live in “the information age”. Our human vanity(虚荣心) makes us believe that we really have to know everything! Surprisingly, we do not have this ability. The question “what is happening in the Bermuda Triangle” is the very proof.
Where is the Bermuda Triangle located? The mysterious triangle is believed to be situated between Florida, Bermuda and Puerto Rico, where too many unusual events have happened.
On December the 5^th 1945, five U.S. military planes took off from Florida on a clear day only to disappear over Bermuda. Furthermore, some other disappearances took place; in 1947, an American C54 plane simply disappeared at 100 miles from Bermuda; at 80 miles, a Star Tiger plane disappeared in 1948.
Even Columbus had trouble in Bermuda. Some of his journals were about the strange happenings there: “the waters are changing their colors” and “compasses are going wild”.
Maybe it’s why it is called the Devil’s triangle or the Atlantic cemetery.
Many hypotheses were stated in order to explain the strange events. In spite of these attempts, the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle remains unsolved.
Some people get to say that maybe aliens are involved in it. Other imaginative scientists relate the happenings in Bermuda to Einstein’s theory, saying that the missing ships and planes are translated to another dimension of space and time and taken into another world.
Maybe we will just have to wait to go to Heaven and ask the One who made it. The answer will surely be a satisfying one!
【小题1】The writer may probably think that______.

A．humans have to and can know everything strange

B．the missing ships are taken into another world

C．humans can know more in “the information age”

D．God created the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle

【小题2】 Columbus’ journals told us that in Bermuda _______.

A．an American C54 plane disappeared

B．there were some strange happenings

C．the compasses were lost

D．a cemetery was found

【小题3】The underlined word “hypotheses” in the 6^th paragraph probably means______.

A．guesses

B．reports