题目内容

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed．It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative （合作的）and another is competitive．

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors．There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought （学派）on the matter have developed．As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory．The controversy（argument) is often referred to as “nature and nurture（教育）”．

Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors．That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory．Taken to an extreme(走极端）, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts（本能）．

Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist, B．F．Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings．The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic（机械论的）; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli（刺激） as the basis of their behavior．

Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching．In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests．This leads some proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites．Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do．

Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior．In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．

1.This passage is mainly concerned with             ．

A．relation between personality and behavior

B．relation between behavior and environment

C．different accounts of patterns of human behavior

D．different theories of the formation of human behavior

2.The underlined word " proponents'' in paragraph 2 means          ．

A．creators

B．advisors

C．supporters

D．judges

3.In paragraph 5 , the author mainly writes about          ．

A．the considerable（值得考虑的） influence of the two theories

B．differences between the blacks and whites

C．racial discrimination in the United States

D．different responds to intelligence tests

4.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A．To call our attention to the changes of human behavior．

B．To urge scientists to do more research in social science．

C．To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior．

D．To present an argument in the field of social science．

 

【答案】

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.D

【解析】

1.D主旨大意题 这篇文章的结构很明显是总---分---总，第一段先提出“人们一直很想知道个性和行为是怎样形成的”，然后每段都提出一个理论，最后一段总结，所以答案是D。

2.C猜测词义题 根据上下文，尤其是前后句。

3.A主旨大意题 题干问第五段主要关于什么，这要看第五段的结构。第一句很明心是个概括句，下面的论据是为了证明第一句话。

4.D主旨大意题 结合文章的首尾可知答案。

 

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相关题目

Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body.
All over the world, people “talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes.” When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal(不拘小节的) than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved(保守的). They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name.
When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, “Hello.” Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other.
【小题1】In the passsage, the writer thinks that body language is ______________.

A．uselssB．difficultC．quite easyD．important
【小题2】Which of the following is right?
A．different countries hav the same body language.
B．different countries have different body anguages.
C．people in Asia share the same body language.
D．many people only use their body language.
【小题3】If an American friend visits you, he probably _____________.
A．sit straightB．never sits downC．makes fun of youD．sits freely
【小题4】If you want to make a British friend, you may feel it ________________.
A．imopssibleB．too easyC．too difficultD．slow
【小题5】Generally speaking, ____________ kiss more often.
A．menB．womenC．BritishD．Americans

Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body.

All over the world, people “talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes.” When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal(不拘小节的) than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved(保守的). They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name.

When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, “Hello.” Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other.

1.In the passsage, the writer thinks that body language is ______________.

A．uselss            B．difficult           C．quite easy         D．important

2.Which of the following is right?

A．different countries hav the same body language.

B．different countries have different body anguages.

C．people in Asia share the same body language.

D．many people only use their body language.

3.If an American friend visits you, he probably _____________.

A．sit straight         B．never sits down     C．makes fun of you    D．sits freely

4.If you want to make a British friend, you may feel it ________________.

A．imopssible         B．too easy           C．too difficult        D．slow

5.Generally speaking, ____________ kiss more often.

A．men             B．women           C．British            D．Americans

 

Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body.
All over the world, people “talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes.” When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal(不拘小节的) than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved(保守的). They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name.
When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, “Hello.” Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other

  1. 1.

    In the passsage, the writer thinks that body language is______.

    1. A.
      uselss
    2. B.
      difficult
    3. C.
      quite easy
    4. D.
      important
  2. 2.

    Which of the following is right?

    1. A.
      different countries hav the same body language
    2. B.
      different countries have different body anguages
    3. C.
      people in Asia share the same body language
    4. D.
      many people only use their body language
  3. 3.

    If an American friend visits you, he probably______.

    1. A.
      sit straight
    2. B.
      never sits down
    3. C.
      makes fun of you
    4. D.
      sits freely
  4. 4.

    If you want to make a British friend, you may feel it______.

    1. A.
      imopssible
    2. B.
      too easy
    3. C.
      too difficult
    4. D.
      slow
  5. 5.

    Generally speaking, ______kiss more often

    1. A.
      men
    2. B.
      women
    3. C.
      British
    4. D.
      Americans

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