题目内容

Whenever we turn on the TV or radio, read the newspapers, surf the Internet, we'll be surrounded by the word "diet" everywhere. We have so easily been attracted by the promise of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically(心理上地)and physically.

It's obvious that diet products weaken us psychologically. They allow us to jump over the thinking stage that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fat. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word "diet" in food labels.

What's more, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves that we don't have to work to get results.Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

As a matter of fact, the danger that diet products bring not only lies in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm they cause. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie. oaly because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products, And they can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are stopping our bodies having basic nutrients. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.

Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Think twice before buying diet products. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, 3rd therefore, prevent the psychological and physical harm that comes from using them.

1.From Paragraph 1,we learn that

A. diet products are in our daily life

B. people have trouble choosfng diet products

C. people should put up with diet products

D. diet products are misleading people

2.The psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to

A. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods

B. pay attention to their daily diet

C. watch their weight rather than their diet

D. try out varieties of diet foods

3.The underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably means

A. diet products cause no pain

B. it costs a lot to.lose weight

C. losing weight is effortless

D. diet products are free of fat and calories

4.Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products

A. are over-consumed B. are short of basic nutrients

C. lack chemicals D. provide too much energy

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Dogs have an amazing sense of smell thanks to 300million smell receptors in their noses, compared to only five million in the human nose. Medical dogs are trained by smelling samples of people already diagnosed with cancer and those of people without the disease so they can learn to tell the difference.

Dr Claire Guest began training her dog Daisy to smell out the killer disease in urine(小便) and breath samples(样品) when she was young. So far Daisy has found cancer in 551 patients, of which 93 per cent were accurate. And she discovered Dr Guest’s breast cancer before it was diagnosed– the first time she has discovered the disease actually growing in someone’s body, rather than by smelling a sample.

Dr Guest, 50, chief executive of charity Medical Detection Dogs, said: “She pushed against my body with her nose repeatedly – I pushed her away, but she pushed against me again, clearly upset. She pushed me so hard that it hurt me. “Her behaviour was totally out of character – she was normally such a happy dog ... I felt the tender area where she’d pushed me, and over the next few days I discovered the tiniest lump(肿块).

“If it wasn’t for Daisy it would have gone hidden for much longer and could have been more serious,” Dr Guest added. “My own pet labrador saved my life.”

Animal rescue charity Blue Cross presented Daisy with a medal for her achievements. She faced tough competition, including JJ, a bomb detection dog who has saved soldiers’ lives in Afghanistan.

Steve Goody, the charity’s deputy chief executive, said: “Cancer affects the lives of thousands of people and Daisy has made a huge contribution to the diagnosis and early treatment of cancers – she’s a very deserving medal recipient.”

Daisy is now helping to train a team of 12 dogs at Medical Detection Dogs and is a ‘senior consultant’ for the UK’s first ever trial using dogs to discover breast cancer.

1.Why was Daisy awarded a medal?

A. Because she can help discover cancer early.

B. Because she can smell the urine and breath samples.

C. Because she has saved many people’s lives by barking.

D. Because she has saved many soldiers’ lives in Afghanistan.

2.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “recipient” in the last paragraph ________but one?

A. contributor B. ancestor C. helper D. receiver

3. How did Daisy discover Dr Guest’s cancer?

A. By smelling the urine sample.

B. By smelling the breath sample.

C. By smelling the hidden cancer.

D. By pushing Dr Guest hard.

4. From the text we can infer that __________.

A. Cancer is easy to cure.

B. Daisy and JJ competed hardly for the medal.

C. Daisy is training other dogs to discover breast cancer.

D. Dogs’ special sense of discovering cancer is highly valued.

Section B (10 marks)

Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.

When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?

Why Difficult?

When we wrong someone we know,even not intentionally,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders,the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid. So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little,too late,or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What,then,is to be done?How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?

Why Now?

The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles,cartoons,advice columns,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.

Why Bother?

Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a good,strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.

Why Refuse?

Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize,even when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk strategy.

―→·Public apology is much more than a(an) 1.act.

·It’s no 2. job to strike a balance between apologizing or not.

·Apologies not 3.offered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.

Why has the issue of public apology been so 4. now in USA?―→ ·In an 5., admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.

·The 6. of public apologies has been widely reported in the mass media.

―→ ·Being public figures, leaders are supposed to appear 7..

·There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to 8. in public.―→ ·Making apologies is likely to be personally uncomfortable and 9..

·Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do 10.to their organization.

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