题目内容

The ninth week of SEAL (Sea, Air, Land) training is referred to (意指) as Hell Week. It is six days of no sleep, physical and mental suffering and one special day at the Mud Flats (泥沼) where you will sink into the mud.

It is on Wednesday of Hell Week that we came down to the mud flats and spend the next 15 hours keeping alive in the freezing-cold mud, the cold wind and the strong pressure from the instructors to give up.

As the sun began to set that Wednesday evening, my training class, having broken some of the rules, was ordered into the mud. We sank into the mud until only our heads could be seen. The instructors told us we could leave the mud if only five men would give up — just five men and we could get out of the cold.

Looking around the mud flat, it was clear that some of us were about to give up. It was still over eight hours till the sun came up—eight more hours of coldness. Our cries were so loud that it was hard to hear anything. And then, one voice began to fly through the night—one voice raised in song.

The song sounded terrible, but it was sung with great power. One voice became two, and two became three, and before long everyone in the class was singing.

We knew that if one man could rise above the suffering then others could as well. The instructors warned us of more time in the mud if we kept up the singing—but the singing went on and on. And somehow, the mud seemed a little warmer, the wind a little weaker and the morning not so far away.

If I have learned anything in my time traveling the world, it is the power of hope. The power can change the world by giving people hope.

So, if you want to change the world, start singing when you’re up to your neck in mud.

1.What did the writer experience during Hell Week?

A. He suffered sleeplessness for one day. B. He was physically and mentally crazy.

C. He went through some hard tests. D. He sank into the mud for the week.

2.Why did the class have the experience at the Mud Flat?

A. Because they wanted to break the rules. B. Because the weather was terribly bad.

C. Because it was one of the training courses. D. Because the instructors were strict with them.

3.What did the class do when they were in the mud?

A. Five of them gave up. B. They cried all the time.

C. Someone sang from the beginning. D. Everybody joined in the singing.

4.What is probably the author’s job?

A. A terrorist. B. A soldier. C. An instructor. D. A trainer.

5.What does the writer want to tell us?

A. Singing helps change the world. B. Singing solves problems in life.

C. People should help each other. D. Hope helps pull through difficulties.

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Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.

Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict(“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation(“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young(“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”).

Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.

In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.

The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

1.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?

A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

2.What can be learned from the passage?

A. Male hormones help build up the body’s resistances to stress.

B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

3.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. How men and women suffer from stress

B. How men and women get over stress

C. How researchers overcome stress problems

D. How researchers handle stress-related disorder

How to Stay Positive

There are two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle (奇迹). The other is as though everything is a miracle. If you choose to be positive, these ideas can be helpful.

? 1.

Who in your life seems filled with positivity? Who inspires and challenges you to up your game? Consciously build a network of people who motivate you to be your best, then spend your time with them. Be that source of light for others, too.

? Feed yourself with positivity.

2. Similarly, how you fuel yourself will determine your experience as well. Read inspiring books. Watch encouraging movies. Follow positive people on social media. You can also create a physical environment of positivity.

? Focus on what you can control.

So much is out of our hands, isn’t it?3. Determine what you can control and put your energy there. For example, you can control your responses, actions, words, and thoughts; you can be the change you wish to see in the world. You have more power than you realize. 4.

? Watch your vocabulary.

Mother Teresa declined participation in an anti-war meet. When asked why, she replied that she did not want to give any attention to war, but she’d gladly participate in a pro-peace meet. 5. They can help you mend broken hearts and reach amazing goals.

Continue to feed that positive world—like Einstein said, living as though everything is a miracle—and watch life change accordingly.

A. Pay attention to your words.

B. Seek advice from positive and active people.

C. Surround yourself with positive people.

D. Focusing on that, however, can leave you feeling helpless.

E. And when you keep your focus there, that power expands.

F. Putting poor quality gas in your car will not help it run at best performance.

G. If you focus on that change, then everything will change for the better.

After a year of examining many studies concerning whether homework is effective, NYC P. S. Elementary School decided that math worksheets and essay assignments were actually a waste of time. In February, Principal Jane Hsu sent a letter to parents stating that the Pre-K(学前班) through fifth grade students wouldn’t be given any traditional homework to encourage kids to free time for reading, playing outside, or doing activities they enjoy.

“The negative effects of homework have been well established.” Hsu wrote in a note to parents. “They include, children’s frustration and exhaustion, lack of time for other activities and family time and, sadly for many, loss of interest in learning.”

Some parents, however, disagree with the policy change, believing that a lack of focus will cause children to fall behind. Homework has been part of education from the beginning, and has increased in amount in recent years.

Hsu’s advice that children should read and spend time with their families has upset some parents to the point of considering pulling their children out of the school. This group feels that homework gives children a goal to work toward. Others feel so strongly about the importance of homework that they have begun giving their own homework to their children.

An Australian Childhood Foundation survey finds that 71% of Australian parents feel they don’t spend enough quality time with their children mainly because of the time spent running the household or the time spent helping with homework. Education experts in Australia are saying that parents should stop helping. Doing so will give kids more independence, give parents more free time, and help reduce the number of arguments caused by homework in the family.

While some research suggests that homework has little academic benefit for elementary students, other researches show homework can help kids develop independence, and confidence. It can also contribute to a sense of belonging or control over their lives. When parents try to help their children with homework, the assistance can take away that feeling and can also make working parents more tired.

1.Cancelling traditional homework is aimed at ________.

A. allowing students to learn on their own

B. wising students to spend more time with parents

C. inspiring students to seek self-development

D. motivating students to help with homework

2.What can be concluded from the 1st and 2nd paragraph?

A. Jane Hsu is the first principal to cancel homework.

B. Jane Hsu has done much research on different aspects of homework.

C. Jane Hsu pays little attention to students’ academic records.

D. Jane Hsu knows students prefer activities to their subjects.

3.Why are some parents strongly against Principal Jane Hsu?

A. They are afraid their kids will fall behind.

B. They dislike their kids doing too many activities.

C. They have no time to give their children homework.

D. They don’t think the school is responsible for their kids.

4.What is the author’s attitude to parents’ helping kids with homework?

A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Unconcerned. D. Negative.

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