阅读理解

  For nearly half a century, Mary Lasker, who died last week at 93, was America's leading crusader (社会活动参与者) against cancer. Yet much of the money she used to fight the disease came from a product which is now considered as a cancer cause—the cigarette.

  Her fortune first took shape in 1992 when advertising genius Albert Lasker was trying to raise American Tobacco Co. sales.“Get women to smoke”, a friend suggested,“and you'll double your market.”Lakser hired actresses and opera singers to support Lasker Strikes. For women worried about extra pounds, he coined the word,“Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet.”Lucky Strike sales increased 312 percent in a year.

  By the time he met Mary Woodard in 1939, Lasker was one of America's richest men, thanks to Luckier and ads that brought in orange juice, facial tissue and sanitary napkins.“What do you want most out of life?”he asked her. She replied,“To help to develop the research in cancer, tuberculosis (结核病) and the major diseases.”They got married, and in 1942 she persuaded him to retire and devote his time and money to philanthropy (慈善业), especially medical research, which then had little private funding (利息) and almost not any support from the government.

  Albert's 1952 cancer death left Mary with one goal: a cancer cure. She sold off several painting—Matisses, Renoirs and Van Goghs—and gave the money to researchers. For ten years, she managed to persuade to give a high position to the National Institutes of Health. Result: NIT's funding rises quickly from $ 2.4 million in 1954 to nearly $ 11 billion in 1994. Richard Nixon, moved and encouraged by Lasker, declared a $ 100 million“War on cancer”and promised a cancer vaccine (疫苗) by 1976. That proved a different goal, but research has scored advances against several cancers. And Mary Lasker's advice remains a laboratory watchword:“If there are no leads, let us make them.”

1.The words“Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet”were coined by Albert Lasker for the purpose of ________.

[  ]

A.tempting(劝诱)women to smoke so as to lose weight

B.persuading women not to eat sweets

C.telling women to smoke Lucky Strikes only

D.advertising Lucky Strikes

2.Albert gained his fortune by ________.

[  ]

A.selling orange juice

B.producing facial tissue and napkins

C.running tobacco businesses

D.none of the above

3.The money Mary used to fight cancer was from ________.

[  ]

A.The Lucky Strikes Co.

B.the government

C.her husband

D.her parents

4.Mary Lasker died ________.

[  ]

A.of cancer

B.from poverty

C.of T. B.

D.not mentioned in the passage

Since it was published in 1818, Frankenstein, a classic horror story, has been in print in many languages.  The monster from the novel by Mary Shelley is the result of man's uncontrolled desire to create and apply his knowledge.

    The novel features Victor Frankenstein, a student who explores the secrets of life in his laboratory. Fearing that he has created a monster, Victor Frankenstein wants to stop but too late. The monster kills Victor Frankenstein's young brother and causes the murder to be blamed on an innocent girl. Victor and the monster meet in the frozen mountains. The monster asks Victor to create a female monster, promising to afterwards leave with her for the wilds. Victor begins the work and discovers the monster has followed him to watch the work. Victor regrets his decision to create a second monster and worries that together they will begin a species of monster. Victor destroys the monster's bride. The monster soon takes revenge (复仇) on Victor by killing his best friend, his father and finally, his bride, Elizabeth. Victor pursues (追赶) the monster across many places. On the point of death, Victor meets a ship and tells his story to the captain whose letters and diaries are then to form this novel. Victor Frankenstein's last words are, "Farewell, Walton! Avoid ambition, even if it is only the obviously innocent one of distinguishing yourself in science and discoveries."

Frankenstein’s conflicted ambition is with us always. And the Monster stands at our window, reminding us to take care of our creations against experimenting with things we don’t understand.

36. The passage was written to _______。

    A. tell us the story from Frankenstein         B. encourage us to explore the secret of life

    C. entertain us with the monster              D. show pity on Victor Frankenstein

37. According to the passage, Mary Shelley' s Frankenstein is made up of_________。

    A. poems         B. plays    C. fairy tales     D. letters and diaries

38. The correct order of the following events is_________。

    a. The monster follows Frankenstein to watch his work.

    b. Frankenstein runs after the monster across many places.

    c. The monster kills Frankenstein's bride.

    d. Frankenstein kills the monster's bride.

    e. Frankenstein creates a monster in experiments.

    A. e, b, a, c, d       B. e, d, c, b, a     C. e, a, c, d, b       D. e, a, d, c, b

39. In the last paragraph, the writer of the passage points that_______。

    A. the monster is still disturbing people

    B. man's ambition in creations should never be allowed

    C. man's risky experiments have created many monsters

D. creations in science should be carefully dealt with


Do you ever run out of great books to read? So what should I read next? Is fast-paced crime fiction your thing?
Try the new Patricia Cornwell book, Scarpetta (Putnam). She is such an able writer and handles complex forensic(法庭的) intelligence with ease. You need to be prepared, though, for the world you're entering—this isn't for the faint of heart, let's say.
If peace is more your thing, try Mary Pipher's wonderful new book, Seeking Peace: Chronicles of the Worst Buddhist in the World (Riverhead). Mary is a lovely, comfortable writer who takes the reader through her personal awakening after reputation and fortune came her way. Even if you've never experienced life as a bestselling writer (as she has done, in her book years back, Reviving Ophelia), you'll totally understand and sympathize with her renewed need for privacy, distance and quiet.
What if you want a straightforward, totally thrilling read with vivid characters, set about World War II? You cannot go wrong with Jim Lehrer's new novel, Oh, Johnny (Random House), about a young Marine whose life is changed forever when he meets a woman on his way to war. His relationship with her lasts him through danger and hardship, and there's an impressive ending. See our interview with the productive novelist/newsman in the current issue of Reader's Digest (March, on stands now), by the way, for insight into the very talented Mr. Lehrer and what interests him.
Well, what about something wickedly funny and totally offbeat? Does the name Carrie Fisher do anything for you? Try her vivid and new life in Hollywood and elsewhere, Wishful Drinking (Simon & Schuster). Be prepared for humor as sharp as knives.
61. What does the writer want to tell us by the underlined sentence?
A. The world is complex and hard.          B. Scarpetta is a thriller.
C. The fiction is hard to understand.     D. Society is hard to fit into.
62. Which of the following is true of Mary Pipher?
A. She is an adventurous writer.   B. She doesn’t care about fortune.
C. Her books normally sell well.   D. She can help you achieve writing skills. 
63. To get further information about Jim Lehrer, you may________.
A. go to Reader’s Digest issued in March     B. go to Random House
C. analyze the characters in Oh, Johnny    D. read the novel Oh, Johnny
64. Which book isn’t directly based on the writer’s own life?__________________
A. Seeking Peace.            B. Reviving Ophelia.
C. Wishful Drinking.         D. Oh, Johnny.

Elizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3, 1821 in Bristol, England. Her father was a rich sugar businessman at the time. Because her parents thought boys and girls should be equal, Elizabeth received the same education as her brothers.

In 1832, her father’s business was destroyed by fire, so her family moved to New York City. But her father’s business there failed. Then in 1837, the family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. Not long after, her father died. After her father’s death, Elizabeth, at the age of 16, had to go to work.

When she was 24, she visited her dying friend Mary. Her friend said, “You’re young and strong, you should become a doctor.” That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. But she knew this was what she was going to do.

After several rejections from medical schools, she finally was accepted by Geneva Medical College. By studying hard, she graduated successfully in 1849.

After graduating from medical school, she went to Paris to learn more about medicine. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.

When she returned to America in 1851, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. In 1857, Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides, she also set up the first medical school for women in 1868, where she taught the women students about disease prevention. It was the first time that the idea of preventing disease was taught in a medical school.

Elizabeth Blackwell started the British National Health Society in 1871, which helped people learn how to stay healthy. In 1889, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman doctor in the United States. Most importantly, she fought for the admission of women to medical colleges.

Elizabeth Blackwell died on May 3, 1910, when she was 89.She opened a world of chances for women. She always fought for what was right in all her life. In 1949 the Blackwell medal was established. It’s given to women who have excellent achievements in the field of medicine. She’ll always be remembered as a great woman.

1.According to the passage, Elizabeth Blackwell ________.

A.received bad education in her childhood

B.spent a happy and lucky childhood

C.moved to America with her family at eleven

D.decided to be a doctor due to her father’s death

2.Elizabeth Blackwell could not become a surgeon because ________.

A.she was a woman

B.she had a serious eye problem

C.she went to Paris for further education

D.she didn’t go to medical school

3.Elizabeth Blackwell spent most of her life in ________.

A.the U.S.           B.Paris             C.England           D.Geneva

4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Elizabeth Blackwell?

A.She built the first hospital for women and children with others.

B.She became the first woman doctor in the U.S.

C.She set up the first medical school for women in the world.

D.She built a medal for women with excellent achievements in medicine.

 

I was a newcomer of Miss Burn’s seventh grade. Past“newcomer”experiences had been difficult, so I was

very anxious to fit in.

    Lunchtime was a pleasant surprise when the girls all crowded around my table. Their chat was friendly, so

I began to relax. My new classmates filled me in on the school, the teachers and the other kids. it wasn’t long

before the class herd(书呆子)was pointed out to me: Mary Lou. Actually she called herself Mary Louise. A

formal, overmodest young girl with old-fashioned clothes, she wasn’t ugly—not even funny looking. Practical

shoes, long wool skirt and a blouse completed the image of a complete herd. The girls’ whispers got louder and

louder. Mary Lou didn’t notice this. After school, the girls invited me to join them in front of the school.

   Arms wrapped around her backpack, Mary Lou came down the school steps. The taunting began—rude,

biting comments and disrespectful words from the girls. I paused, then joined right in. My force began to pick

up as I approached her, mean(卑劣)remarks falling from my lips. I even pulled the belt of her backpack and then

pushed her. The belt broke, Mary Lou fell. Everyone was laughing and patting me. I fit in. But I was not proud.

Something inside me hurt.

   Mary Lou got up, gathered her books and—without a tear shed—off, she went. She held her head high as a

small trickle of blood ran down from her injured knee.

   I turned to leave with my laughing friends and noticed a man standing beside his car. His skin, dark hair

and handsome features told me this was her father. Respectful of Mary Lou’s proud spirit, he remained still and

watched the lonely girl walk toward him. Only his eyes—shining with both grief and pride—followed. As I

passed, he looked at me in silence with burning tears that spoke to my shame and scolded my heart. He didn’t

speak a word.

   No scolding from a teacher or a parent could linger(逗留)as much as that hurt in my heart from the day a

father’s eyes taught me kindness and strength and dignity. I never again joined the cruel herds. I never

again hurt someone for my own gain.

1. The writer felt she fit in when       .

   A. she relaxed and talked with her new classmate    B. she became a leader of a school club

   C. she picked a wing off a butterfly       D. others cheered for her after she treated Mary badly

2.What does the underlined word“taunting”mean in the article?

   A. Playing a game        B. Joining a club

   C. Criticizing a person     D. Watching a movie

3.Mary’s father      after he saw what happened to her daughter.

   A. felt shameful and angry for his daughter      B. felt sad and proud for his daughter’s bravery

   C. felt it necessary to teach the writer a lesson    D. felt it a pity that she didn’t fight back

4.The writer would never hurt someone for her own gain because she     .

   A. was impressed by Mary’s calmness    

B. was afraid to be scolded by Mary’s father

   C. was sorry she hurt Mary’s knee

   D. was aware that it was a shame to make fun of Mary

5.According to the article, the writer is probably      .

   A. a rude girl who enjoys making fun of others

   B. a clever girl who is good at making friends with others

   C. a shy girl who isn’t good at communicating with others

   D. a brave girl who is willing to correct her mistakes

 

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