题目内容

18.Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history.Dubos (1969)suggested that primitive(原始的)humans were closer to the animals because they,too,relied upon their instincts to stay healthy.Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating(减轻)symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound.Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body,magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders.So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits.Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual (礼仪) to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body.
One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates.Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400B.C.,not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name.Nevertheless,the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice.One of his most famous contributions,the Hippocratic Oath,is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics (道德).Among other things,it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick,keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm,and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship.
Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived(源自于)from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships.In this classic thesis,On Airs,Waters,and Places,Hippocrates pointed out that human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors:living habits or lifestyle,climate,geography of the land,and the quality of air and food.Interesting enough,concerns about our health and the quality of air,water,and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.

31.The topic of the first paragraph is summarized inA.
A.the first sentence of the paragraph              
B.the second sentence of the paragraph
C.the third sentence of the paragraph              
D.the last sentence of the paragraph
32.Why did primitive humans rely on magic in their beliefs about the causes and cures of diseasesB?
A.Because magic was an inseparable part of their life.
B.Because they had little knowledge about the functioning of the body.
C.Because the diseases were caused by the evil spirits.
D.Because magic must be used in going through the rituals to drive out the evil spirits.
33.Considering Hippocrates'background,we can see from the second paragraph thatD.
A.he was the forefather of modern medicine
B.experts are sure that the books bearing his name were not written by him
C.he had a rational mind aided by supernatural instincts
D.experts do not know much about him except when and where he lived
34.All of the following are included in the Hippocratic Oath EXCEPTD.
A.helping patients
B.keeping oneself from harming patients
C.keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients
D.obeying rules for modern medicine practice
35.Which of the following best expressed the main idea of the last paragraph?C
A.Doctor's concerns remain unchanged.
B.Medicine comes from nature.
C.Environment affects health.
D.Climate determines lifestyle.

分析 本文是一篇说明文,主要阐述了尝试理解社会行为和健康的关系有着历史渊源.原始人依靠本能来保持健康,但由于他们对人体的机能尚不了解,于是就把疾病和健康与神灵联系在了一起.古希腊医学家希波克拉底对医学做出了很大的贡献.

解答 31-35  ABDDC
31.A      推理判断题.根据第一段第一句"Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history."可知,此处是第一段的主题句,主要讲的是古人对健康的了解和看法,即社会行为和健康的关系有着历史渊源,故选A.
32.B      细节理解题.根据第一段"Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body,magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders."可知,原始人对人体的功能了解不多,于是就把疾病与巫术练习了起来,故选B.
33.D     细节理解题.根据第二段中的"Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C.,not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name."可知,关于希波克拉底,人们知道的很少,除了知道他是希腊人,生活在公元前400年,故选D.
34.D     细节理解题.可用排除法.根据第三段中的"he or she will help the sick,keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm,and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship"可知,A、B、C都是希波克拉底誓言里面的内容,故选D.
35.C      细节理解题.根据最后一段中的"human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors"可知,环境与健康的关系,故选C.

点评 解答细节理解题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案;推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点.

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6.People in several American states may be surprised to see cars on city streets without a driver.Experimental driverless vehicles now are legal in Florida,Nevada and California.They are pointing the way to a future that is not far down the road.The high-tech company Google has a number of self-driving cars,which had covered 480,000 kilometers by August.Volvo is among the companies doing road tests and says it plans to sell driverless cars by 2020.
     In September,California Governor Jerry Brown signed an act to allow autonomous vehicles on the roads of his state."Today we're looking at science fiction becoming tomorrow's reality-the driverless car."The technology for these cars includes cameras,radar and motion sensors.The systems have been improved through competitions sponsored by the U.S.government agency DARPA.Engineer Richard Mason of the Rand Corporation helped design driverless vehicles for DARPA challenge races.
     Cars have become much more fuel-efficient,and new electronic features are making Hondas safer,said Angie Nucci of Honda America."A camera on the passenger-side mirror actually engaged on your guiding screen so you can safely change lanes."Other safety features include warning systems on the front and the sides of the cars.Thesystems help drivers,but don't replace them.Curator Leslie Kendall of the Petersen Automotive Museum said autonomous cars will make the high ways safer.
"By taking out drivers,you also remove most risks of an accident,"Kendall said.He said consumers,however,may be unwilling to lose control."It may take them time to come to realize that the technology is indeed reliable,but it will have to prove itself first."
     Mason said the technology already works and the biggest challenge now is getting down the cost for driverless vehicles from hundreds of thousands of dollars to something more affordable.He said this will happen as the technology is improved.

66.What can we learn from Paragraph 1?C
A.Driverless vehicles are now legal in the whole USA.
B.Volvo will be the first to sell driverless cars.
C.Google's self-driving cars have covered a long distance.
D.Driverless cars are pointing us a faraway future.
67.We learn that Governor of California Jerry BrownD.
A.helped design self-driving cars.
B.improved the self-driving car systems.
C.considers self-driving cars science fiction.
D.supports self-driving cars on roads.
68.What is the role of the systems mentioned in Paragraph 3?B
A.They can take the place of drivers now.
B.They can help people drive more safely.
C.They can make cars run without fuel.
D.They can help cars run much faster.
69.According to Richard Mason,what is the biggest challenge for driverless cars?A
A.They are now too expensive for consumers.
B.Their technical problems remain to be solved.
C.They are not allowed to run on the road.
D.They are more dangerous for people on the street.
70.What's the best title of the passage?C
A.The benefits of the self-driving cars.
B.The biggest challenge of the self-driving cars.
C.Self-driving cars-science fiction future is near.
D.Safer or more dangerous-self-driving cars.
13.When we're in need,we always turn to our parents for help.But would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground or lunch queue?Social networking sites have become extensions (延伸) of the school hallways,so would you add your parents as"friends"and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends?
In the past the generation gap included a technology gap,where children were up to date with latest technology and parents were left behind,content to continue their day to day lives as they always had because they had no need to know more about technology.However,more and more parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives.This realization has given many parents the motivation to educate themselves about social networking sites.
These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them; there's also a certain amount of control over privacy that we don't get in real life.Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated (侵犯)when we must accept a"friend"request from a parent or family member.
It's a difficult choice whether or not to allow a parent to become a part of our online lives.On the one hand we don't want to"reject"their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide.On the other hand if you do accept,then you could have a sense of being watched and no longer feel free to comment or communicate the way you did before.
A recent survey suggested that parents shouldn't take it personally if their child ignores their request:"When a teen ignores a parent's friend request,it doesn't necessarily mean that they are hiding something,but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to be independent."
Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the blow if you do choose not to add them to your friends list.
21.The passage is mainly aboutB.
A.privacy online                        
B.parents'friend requests
C.the generation gap                    
D.social networks
22.From Paragraph 2,we learn thatA.
A.parents have realized the importance of social networks
B.parents feel secure about their privacy online
C.social networks successfully fill the generation gap
D.social networks offer a platform for parents to communicate
23.Teenagers may refuse a parent's friend request becauseC.
A.their parents make negative comments on them
B.they hide something from their parents
C.they are unwilling to be watched by parents
D.their parents tend to fall behind in technology
24.The passage is written mainly forD.
A.parents                           
B.teachers 
C.researchers                           
D.teenagers.

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