题目内容

认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸相应题号的横线上。

Mirriam Websters online dictionary defines happy as: enjoying good health and satisfaction. Sounds nice, doesn’t it? I know a secret that can lead to happiness. Now you may ask, what secret is that? It’s a well-known secret, in fact. Perform a random(随意的) act of kindness per day.

Positive psychology is the scientific study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to grow. According to University of Pennsylvania’s website, positive psychology has three central concerns: positive emotions, positive individual character, and positive systems. Understanding positive emotion includes the study of satisfaction with the past, happiness at present, and hope for the future. Understanding positive individual character consists of the study of the strengths and virtues, such as love, courage, creativity, curiosity, self-knowledge, self-control, and wisdom. Understanding positive systems needs the study of meaning and purpose as well as the strengths that help the growth of better communities, such as responsibility, leadership, teamwork, purpose, and tolerance(忍耐力).

Positive psychology focuses on strengths as well as weaknesses, on building the best things in life as well as repairing the worst. It asserts(断言) that human goodness and excellence is just as real as sadness and illness, and that life consists more than seeking the answers to problems. All these things can be summed up in one concept: giving can equal a meaningful life, i.e. happiness.

But you are probably wondering how. Well, let’s examine the research, shall we? A 1996 study showed that wealth is only weakly related to happiness both within and across nations, particularly when income is above the poverty level. So money does not mean happiness. In 2000, a different study showed that activities that make people happy in some way—such as shopping, good food and making money—do not lead to satisfaction in the long term, indicating that these have quick diminishing returns(收益递减).

However, on the other hand, we also know that people who witness others perform good deeds experience an emotion which drives them to perform their own good deeds. Making a contribution to the lives of other people may help to extend our own lives.

This is why I make a point of trying to do something nice every day. Sometimes I tip much larger than I need to. Sometimes I just smile at someone who looks like they really need it. A random act of kindness is an act that receives just as much as it gives. You’ll be happier. They’ll be happier. And you’ll live longer. So, please, perform a random act of kindness each day.

Title

Happiness and kindness

The 1. ______ of happiness

Being healthy and 2._____.

The 3._____ to happiness

Performing a random act of kindness per day

Positive psychology behind happiness

The three central concerns:

u  Positive emotion is the positive attitude toward the present, the past and the future.

u  Positive character is the4._______ and virtues in one.

u  Positive system is what helps better communities 5._______.

The focus of positive psychology:

u  It attaches much importance to building the strengths and repairing weaknesses.

u  Life is more than 6._______ problems.

u  A meaningful life lies in 7.______.

The results of a study

u  Wealth is only related to happiness in a(n) 8.______ way.

u  Some activities only bring happiness for a 9._____ time.

The influence

u  Good deeds can bring people an emotion to do the 10._____ and make them live longer.

u  I will do something nice every day such as giving a larger tip and smiling at whoever needs it.

 

【答案】

 

1.definition/meaning 

2.satisfied   

3.secret/key   

4.strengths   

5. grow/develop

6. solving          

7.giving   

8.weak       

9.short       

10.same

【解析】略

 

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相关题目

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。

　　Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life．To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

　　In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes．While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned．

　　Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life．They say that it is a jungle out there．To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy．Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas．In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues．We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct．It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences．

　　In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary．In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then．But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts．

　　Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either．Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite．But I personally think that people should not be too selfish．Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship．

　　In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure．However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others．

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。

Each year there is an increasing number of cars as millions of new cars are produced in America . Americans will not live without cars ! However , some have realised the serious problem of air pollution by cars . It is necessary to find ways to solve the problem of air pollution .

One way to clean the air is to build a new kind of clean car . That’s what several of the large car factories are trying to do . But to build a clean car is easier said than done . Progress in this field has been slow .

Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else . Engineers are now working on it . Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that can please man .

To prevebt the world being polluted by cars , They have to cut down on the number of their cars and are encouraged to travel and go to work by bike . But this change doesn’t close down ---- many workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down . And the problem of their pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.

Title : (1) _____ and Pollution in America

Problem

Method

(6)____

Conclusion

Air (2)

_____

Building a new kind of the car (3)

_____ by something else  

Progress in this field is (7)______

Americans may live a happy but (10)____ life .

(4)_____ down on the number of cars

It takes years to develop a practical (8)______

Traveling and going to work by (5) ______

(9) _____ may lose jobs

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空限填1个单词。
The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”, almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.
The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(萧条) and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard’s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.
Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.
The Invention of the Garden City

Ebenezer Howard
(1850-1928)
was___1____ for the invention of the garden city;
immigrated from England to the US;
___2____ in his attempt to make a living ;
moved to Chicago and saw the city being ___3___;
took ___4___ of the popular ideas and created a unique combination of designs.
 
The ___5___ of the 19th century city and countryside 
City: Though a terrible place, the city had economic and social opportunities to ___6___.
Countryside: Fresh___7___ the air there was, job opportunities were inadequate, let alone social life.
 
Howard’s idea of a garden city
A garden city would be built in the countryside where the land wasn’t ___8___;
___9___ a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries, garden cities would be surrounded by a green belt;
As the garden city reached the planned belt, another would be started a short distance away, a transportation system connecting it to the others ___10___.

IV: 任务型读写

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。

Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In this age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out.

Steve Graham, a literacy professor at Vanderbilt University, says he has been hearing about the death of handwriting for the past fifteen years. However, a recent survey shows that it is still being taught by about 90% of teachers in grades one to three. 90% of teachers also say they are required to teach handwriting. But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. Professor Graham says that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. “And then when you look at how it’s taught, you have some teachers who are teaching handwriting by providing instruction for ten, fifteen minutes a day, and then other teachers who basically teach it for 60 to 70 minutes a day -- which really for handwriting is pretty much death.”

Many adults remember learning by copying letters over and over again. Today’s thinking is that short periods of practice are better. Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught by itself but be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write.

Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility (清楚), which means forming the letters so they can be read. The other is fluency -- writing without having to think about it. The professor says fluency continues to develop up until high school.

But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report about one-fourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important anymore because of computers and voice recognition programs. But Professor Graham says word processing is rarely done in elementary school, especially in the early years. Even with high school teachers, we find that less than 50% of assignments are done via word processing or with word processing. And, in fact, if we added in taking notes and doing tests in class, most of the writing done in school is done by hand.

American children traditionally first learn to print, then to write in cursive (草体的), which connects the letters. But actually more than 75% of students choose to print their essay on the test rather than write in cursive.

Title

Write or Wrong: The Death of Handwriting?

Theme

Handwriting lessons are on the way out.

Present (56)_______ of handwriting lessons

It’s required to teach by about (57)_____ of teachers in grades one to three;

Three out of every four teachers aren’t prepared to teach handwriting;

(58) _______ are provided from 10-15 minutes a day to 60-70 minutes a day respectively.

Common (59)________ on teaching handwriting

Short periods of practice are better;

It should not be taught by itself (60)_______ be used as a way to get students to express ideas

Two skills (61)______ in handwriting

Legibility;

(62)_____.

(63)____ of               poor handwriting

Computers and voice recognition programs are (64)________;

The fact that most of the writing done in school is done by hand is ignored;

More than 75% of students (65)____ printing their essay on tests to writing in cursive.

 

 

 

第五部分：任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的横线上填入最恰当的单词。

注意：每空只填一个单词。

   Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.

The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug-taking, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting different kinds of fields of development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.

Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage matters -- young people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make a bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities, skill building meaningful involvement, expression, suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe and fair environment, encourage personalized involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have a promising future, how they are designed and run matters.

Title: Quality After-school Programs

Purpose

1.（56）_______ academic performance

2. Decreasing youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors

3. Helping young people grow into healthy, successful adults

（57） ____

1. Improved academic performance

● better work habits

● higher rates of homework completion

● improved grades and higher scores

● fewer absences and（58）_____ blame

Helping young people become members making a（61）______ to society

2. Decreased high-risk teen, behaviors

● decreased rates of crime

●the（59）_______ of drug

● teen sex among youth

3.（60）_______ fields of development

● physical development

● mental development

● social development

Factor

1. Dosage matters.

2.（62）_______matter.

3. Qualities matter.

（63）_____

The future of after-school programs is promising,（64）_____ how to design and run the programs is very（65）_______.

 

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