题目内容

Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities, where people are able to make full use of the rapidly-developed internet technology. Nowadays, can we find a person _1.___ hasn’t experienced online shopping? Definitely not.

Online shopping __2.__ (welcome) by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective of consumers, it can save some time for people who don’t have much spare time. Just click the mouse, they can get _3.__ they want while staying at home. For the retailers, it can cut some costs for those who don’t have enough circulating funds. __4.__ (compare) with the traditional trade mode, they don’t have to spend money in renting a house. _5._, there are still some disadvantages in online shopping. First, a face-to-face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. Second, people will lose __6._ fun of bargain.

__7.__ is undeniable that shopping on the internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society. It’s _8.__ great urgency that we need to make the relative laws _9.__ the rapid growth of online shopping. Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and __10.__ (convenient) of online shopping without the concern of being cheated.

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Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age — in some cases as low as 55 — is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses — as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.

People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent(有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly” and “needy” are synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t.

It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.

Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involve a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point. Buoyed (支持) by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job — thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.

Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.

It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment; and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against — discrimination by age.

Outline

Details

Introduction

Age determines whether an American can be given a discount, which is a common 1.________________in American business life today.

Origin of senior citizen discount

●Since the senior citizens are often treated as people who are in 2.____________, they are given such priority.

3.__________

situation

●The situation has changed a lot where the majority of the elderly are not poor at all.

●Younger Americans were at a/an 4.__________ directly or indirectly due to the discounts given to the elderly, thus leading to conflicts between generations.

●The number of older Americans 5.___________ to work rather than retire is on the increase, which means 6.__________ opportunities for young workers.

●It is no longer a kind of charity because millions of senior citizens don’t need the priority 7.__________.

Conclusion

It’s unwise to offer discount priority to the elderly.

●It will mislead people to think they are unable to 8._____________ to themselves.

●People may think that they are ungrateful and they’re hurting the 9._____________ of other age groups.

●Actually senior citizen discounts, to some extent, 10. ___________against their age.

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Once upon a time there lived an old man in a nice cottage with a large garden. The old man was seen ________ his flowers all the time. They were so well-tended that every passer-by could not but ________ for a glance.

One day a young man went by the garden. He gazed at the splendid garden, ________ in admiration at the beauty of these sceneries. Then, suddenly he ________ the old gardener was blind. ________, the young man asked, “Why are you busy tending these flowers every day which you can’t ________ in fact?” The old man smiled and answered that “I can tell you ________ reasons. First I was a ________ when I was young, and I really like this job. Second, although I can’t see these flowers, yet I can ________ them. Third, I can smell sweetness of them. As to the last one, that’s ________.

“Me? But you don’t know me,” responded the young man ________.

“Yeah, it’s ________ that I don’t know you. But I know everyone knows flowers and would never ________ them down. I know the beauty of my garden will get many people into a good ________. In the meantime, it also ________ a chance to me to have a word with you here and to enjoy the happiness these flowers have brought us.”

The old man’s ________ astonished me. The blind man grows flowers and ________ them as a link of minds so as to make ________ enjoy the sunshine in spring. Isn’t it one kind of happiness？

I believe every flower has ________ with which they can see the kindness of the man’s heart. The blind man grows flowers in his heart. Though ________ to see the beauty of blossoming(开花), he surely can hear the voice of it, I suppose.

1.A. lovingB. tendingC. wateringD. planting

2.A. runB. stayC. liveD. stop

3.A. lostB. droppedC. fallenD. kept

4.A. realizedB. feltC. noticedD. thought

5.A. ExcitedB. FrightenedC. SatisfiedD. Shocked

6.A. feelB. seeC. hearD. eat

7.A. fourB. twoC. threeD. one

8.A. teacherB. gardenerC. farmerD. painter

9.A. tasteB. plantC. appreciateD. touch

10.A. itB. youC. themD. me

11.A. with pleasureB. with hopeC. in surpriseD. in anger

12.A. trueB. possibleC. a pityD. a shame

13.A. putB. knockC. getD. turn

14.A. mindB. moodC. futureD. life

15.A. introducesB. standsC. offersD. leaves

16.A. attitudesB. behaviorC. storyD. words

17.A. servesB. actsC. worksD. treats

18.A. anybodyB. somebodyC. nobodyD. everybody

19.A. earsB. soulC. eyesD. heart

20.A. refusingB. tryingC. failingD. pretending

短语

1.代表（介词短语）_________________

2.渴求知识（不用eager）______________

3.获得自由的 _______________________

4.从事，开始做(某项工作) ______________

5.厌倦做某事 _______________________

6.（是）至关重要的 ___________________

7.受……支配 _______________________

8.参与；卷入 _________________________

9.提议为……干杯 ___________________

10.（sth.）世代相传 ____________________

Compassion is a desire within us to help others. With effort, we can translate compassion into action. An experience last weekend showed me this is true. I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly. These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness. But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson. This untidy man walked up to my register (收款机) with a box of biscuits. He said he was out of cash, had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards. He asked if we could let him have the food on trust. He promised to repay me the next day.

I couldn’t help staring at him. I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way. I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world. I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so. I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job.

Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up. If anything, he looked more pitiable. “Charge it to me,” was all he said.

What I had been feeling was pity. Pity is soft and safe and easy. Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action. I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either. Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself. I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.

1.The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits _______.

A. promised to obey the store rules

B. forgot to take any money with him

C. hoped to have the food first and pay later

D. could not afford anything more expensive

2.Which of the following best describes the old gentleman?

A. Kind and lucky.

B. Poor and lonely.

C. Friendly and helpful.

D. Hurt and disappointed.

3.The writer acted upon the store rules because _______.

A. he wanted to keep his present job

B. he felt no pity for the old gentleman

C. he considered the old man dishonest

D. he expected someone else to pay for the old man

4.What does the writer learn from his experience?

A. Wealth is more important than anything else.

B. Helping others is easier said than done.

C. Experience is better gained through practice.

D. Obeying the rules means more than compassion.

Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.

One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit(明确的) and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.

Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.

Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.

For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.

1.An educational program is best watched by a child _________.

A. on his ownB. with other kids

C. with his parentsD. with his teachers

2.Which of the following is most related to children’s reading ability?

A. Radio-listening.

B. Television-watching.

C. Parents’ reading list.

D. Parents’ educational background.

3.Anderson believed that _________.

A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he is

B. the younger a child is, the more he watches TV

C. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV

D. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school

4.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To advise on the educational use of TV.

B. To describe TV’s harmful effects on children.

C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.

D. To present Anderson’s unconventional ideas.

Scotland has long been characterized as a land of romance. It contains ruins of many ancient castles and abbeys，and there is an attractive beauty in its mountains，long deep valleys，and ribbon lakes.Each year those things attract a great number of tourists.

Numerous islands line the coast.In the north are two large groups，the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands.Close to the west coast are the Inner and Outer Hebrides groups，and the islands of Arran and Bute.

The land may be divided into three regions: the Highlands in the north，the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.

The Highlands are wild and picturesque(如画的)． A long valley called Glenmore crosses the Highlands from southwest to northeast.

In the south of the Highlands are the Grampian Mountains，highest in the British Isles. Ben Nevis，the highest peak，rises to 1,243 meters.Ben Lomond rises from the shore of Loch Lomond，Scotland's largest freshwater lake.

The Central Lowlands run from southwest to northeast and the greatest length is nearly 145 kilometers.The soil here is fertile，and there are four coalfields underlying the area.In the east is Edinburgh，Scotland's historic capital city，and in the west is Glasgow. Almost 90 percent of Scotland's population live in the Lowlands.

In the Southern Uplands, the hills are generally less than 600 meters high. Their rounded or flat tops are often capped with dark peat(泥炭). Along the slopes are plants like grass and heather(石南花).

1.According to the text, all the following things attract many tourists to Scotland EXCEPT ________.

A．ruins of ancient castles and abbeys

B．mountains and valleys

C．various animals and plants

D．ribbon lakes

2.From the passage we know that ________.

A．Scotland's islands mainly lie in the north

B．the Highlands have rich soil

C．Ben Lomond is near Scotland's largest freshwater lake

D．the Shetland Islands lie on the west coast of Scotland

3.Most Scottish people live in ________.

A．the HighlandsB．the Central lowlands

C．the Southern UplandsD．the Orkney Islands

4.The author's aim of writing this passage is ________.

A．to attract people to visit Scotland

B．to describe the beautiful scenery of Scotland

C．to show people the history of Scotland

D．to introduce Scotland generally

I first came across the concept of pay-what-you-can cafes last summer in Boone, N.C., where I ate at F.A.R.M (Feed All Regardless of Means) Café. You can volunteer to earn your meal, pay the suggested price($10) or less, or you can overpay—paying it forward for a future customer’s meal. My only regret after eating there was not having a chance to give my time. So as soon as Healthy World Café opened in York in April, I signed up for a volunteer shift(轮班).

F.A.R.M and healthy World are part of a growing trend of community cafés. In 2003, Denise Cerreta opened the first in Salt Lake City. Cerreta now runs the One World Everybody Eats Foundation, helping others copy her pay-what-you can model.

“I think the community café is truly a hand up, not a handout,” Cerreta said. She acknowledged that soup kitchens(施粥所) have a place in society, but people typically don’t feel good about going there.

“One of the values of the community café is that we have another approach,” she said. “Everyone eats here, no one needs to know whether you volunteered, overpaid or underpaid.”

The successful cafés not only address hunger and food insecurity but also become necessary parts of their neighborhood — whether it’s a place to learn skills or hear live music. Some teach cooking to seniors; some offer free used books. Eating or working there is a reminder that we are all in this world together.

My 10 am-1pm shift at World-Healthy-Café began with the café manager — one of the two paid staff members. Our volunteer crew wasn’t the most orderly, but we managed to prepare and serve meals with a lot of laughs in between. At the end of my shift, I ordered my earned meal at the counter, together with other volunteers. After lunch, I walked out the door, with a handful of new friends, music in my head and a satisfied belly and heart.

1.What did the author do at F.A.R.M Café last summer?

A. She enjoyed a meal.

B. She ate free of charge.

C. She overpaid for the food.

D. She worked as a volunteer.

2.What is the advantage of community cafés compared with soup kitchens?

A. People can have free food.

B. People can maintain their dignity.

C. People can stay as long as they like.

D. People can find their places in society.

3.Why are community cafés becoming popular in the neighborhoods?

A. They bring people true friendships.

B. They help to bring people together.

C. They create a lot of job opportunities.

D. They support local economic development.

4.How did the author feel about working at Healthy World Café?

A. It paid well.

B. It changed her.

C. It was beneficial.

D. It was easy for her.

A Festival for the Dead 1. (hold) once a year in Japan. This festival is 2. cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said 3. (return) to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. Specially-made lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find 4. way. All night long, people dance and sing. In the early morning, the food that had been laid out for the dead 5. (throw) into a river or into the sea as it is considered 6. (luck) for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns 7. had been hung in the streets the night before are placed into the water when the festival is over. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea 8. (guide) the dead on their return journey to the world. This is a 9. (move) spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away 10. they can be seen no more.

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