题目内容

Don't blame genes for aging facial skin. A new study of twins suggests you can   1   those coarse(粗糙的) wrinkles, brown or pink spots, and dilated(膨胀的) blood vessels on too much time in the sun, smoking, and being overweight.

Because twins share genes, but may have  2  exposures to environmental factors, studying twins allows an, "opportunity to control for genetic susceptibility(敏感性)," Dr. Elma D. Baron, at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, and colleagues  3  in the latest issue of Archives of Dermatology.

Their analysis of environmental skin-damaging factors in 65 pairs of twins hints that skin aging is  4  more to environment and lifestyle than  5   factors.

But when it   6   skin cancer, the researchers say their findings support previous reports that   7  environment and genes affect skin cancer risk.

Baron's team   8   facial skin of 130 twins, 18 to 77 years old, who lived  9   in the northern Midwest and Eastern regions of the U.S. who were  10   the Twins Days Festival in Ohio in August 2002.

At this time, each of the twins also  11    reported how their skin burned or tanned  12    sunscreen(防晒霜), their weight, and their history of skin cancer, smoking, and alcohol drinking.

The study group   13   of 52 fraternal and 10 identical twin pairs, plus 3 pairs who were unsure of their twin status. Identical(同卵的) twins share all of their genes and fraternal twins share only about half.

From these data, the researchers  14  strong ties, outside of twin status, between smoking, older age, and being overweight, and having facial skin with evidence of environmental  15 

 16   contrast, sunscreen use and drinking alcohol appeared correlated with   17    skin damage.

Baron and colleagues say the current findings, which highlight ties between facial   18  and potentially avoidable  19   factors -- such as smoking, being overweight, and   20   overexposure to the sun's damaging rays -- may help motivate people to minimize these risky behaviors.

(    ) 1. A. blame                         B. owe                 C. take                 D. bring

(    ) 2. A. same                      B. different           C. similar             D. common

(    ) 3. A. explain                    B. confirm            C. declare             D. shout

(    ) 4. A. equal                             B. related              C. close               D. strict

(    ) 5. A. characteristic           B. personal           C. natural             D. genetic

(    ) 6. A. comes to                 B. talks of             C. refers to           D. gets to

(    ) 7. A. all                          B. neither             C. both                 D. either

(    ) 8. A. examined               B. checked            C. inspected          D. interviewed

(    ) 9. A. most                      B. usually             C. mostly              D. always

(    ) 10. A. joining                  B. representing      C. attending          D. remarking

(    ) 11. A. separately                  B. lonely              C. commonly               D. truly

(    ) 12. A. with                             B. on                    C. in                    D. without

(    ) 13. A. consisted                      B. made up         C. contained       D. included

(    ) 14. A. documented           B. recorded           C. reported           D. noted

(    ) 15. A. damage                 B. exploration       C. protection        D. material

(    ) 16. A. In                         B. By                   C. As                    D. At

(    ) 17. A. lesser                    B. more               C. no                    D. fewer

(    ) 18. A. look                             B. aging                      C. expression               D. wrinkle

(    ) 19. A. environmental               B. genetic             C. emotional        D. psychological

(    ) 20. A. protected                      B. planned            C. unprotected       D. prevented

1--20    ABABD   ACACC   ADADA    BABAC  


解析:

本文用一项针对双胞胎开展的最新研究表明,皱纹、红褐斑以及血管瘤等皮肤问题和长时间日晒、吸烟以及体重超标有关。完成本完形填空的基本思路是联系上下文语言逻辑的同时,要紧密结合日常生活中的常识。

1. A你可以把皱纹、红褐斑以及血管瘤等皮肤问题归因于长时间日晒、吸烟以及体重超标有关。由此我们得知此空要填上表示:把…..归因于…..,A项blame和on搭配刚好表示这个意思。B项owe要和介词to才表示这样的意思。CD两项和on搭配分别表示呈现和带来之意,再说他们两个只能构成take on…….和bring on…….这样的动词短语。

2. B由于双胞胎拥有相同的基因,但可能受到的环境因素的影响不同,因此研究双胞胎可以“对基因易感性加以控制”,此空需要填上表示不同的含义的词,也即是B项,而ACD项所表达的意思:相同,相似,共同之意。

3. A位于美国俄亥俄州克里夫兰的凯斯西储医学院的艾尔玛??D??巴伦博士及其同事在最新一期的《皮肤病学档案》中解释称……我们不难看出此处表示解释之意的动词,也即是A项explain,而BCD项所表达是证实,宣布,大喊的意思,不符合此处的语言逻辑。

4. B研究人员对65对双胞胎的皮肤损伤环境影响因素进行分析后发现,环境和生活方式跟皮肤老化的关系大于遗传因素,此处应该填上表示相关之意的形容词,也即是B项related。而ACD项依次分别所表达的意思:相等,接近,严格,都不符合此处的语言逻辑。

5. D上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示基因方面的之意,也就即是D项:genetic(基因的),ABC项依次分别所表示的意思:特征的,个人的,自然的儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语意。

6. A但在皮肤癌的问题上,研究人员称他们的发现与之前的研究一样,认为环境和基因对患皮肤癌风险均有影响。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示在……的问题上,在…….方面之意的动词短语,而A项其实固定结构when it comes to……就表示这样的意思,而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思:说起(其主语通常是某个人),涉及或者参考(其主语通常是某个人),到达(其主语通常是某个人),不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,也不是固定结构。

7. C由上一题的分析我们容易得出此处应该填上表示两者都……之意的连词,也即是C项:both,而ABD项依次分别所表达的意思:三者以上都……,两者都不…..,两者中的任何一个……

8. A巴伦的研究小组对130个年龄从18岁到77岁的双胞胎的面部皮肤进行了研究。分析后我们不难看出此处应该填上表示研究之意的动词,也就是A项examined。而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:核对,视察,采访。

 9. C这些双胞胎大部分居住在美国中西部偏北地区和东部地区,其中的大部分是副词用来修饰live。A项most(代词的时候是大部分的意思)具有很大的迷惑性,但most作副词时,意思是:很,极其,非常。BD两项依次分别所表达的意思是通常,一直,和这儿的语言逻辑不契合。

10. C他们于2002年8月参加了在俄亥俄州举行的“双胞胎节”,其中的参加就是C项attending,而ABD项所表达的意思中就数A项容易让人上当,但是它表示此意的时候要和介词in搭配,BD两项的意思是:描述,陈述。

11. A在这项研究中,每对双胞胎也分别报告了他们的皮肤在没有涂防晒霜的情况下晒伤或晒黑的情况、他们的体重、患皮肤癌、吸烟以及喝酒的历史,经过分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示分别之意的副词用来修饰reported,也就是A项separately,而不是BCD项依次分别所表达的意思:孤独地,共同地,真实地。

12. D由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示没有之意的介词,也即是D项:without,而不是ABC三项项依次分别所表达的意思:和,在….上,在…..里。

13. A这组研究对象由52对异卵双胞胎和10对同卵双胞胎,以及三对不确定自己属于哪种类型的双胞胎组成。我们可以确定此处要填上表示由……组成,也即是A项:consisted,B项的具有很大的迷惑性,但是它表示的意思是:……组成了…….,CD项依次分别所表达的意思:包含,包括,好像都行,但是它们都不和of连用。

14. D研究人员通过分析这些数据后指出,不论哪种类型的双胞胎,受到环境伤害的面部皮肤与吸烟、年龄增长、体重超标有很大关系。此处应该填上表示指出,发现,或者得到结论之类的动词,这四项中只有D项noted(指出指明以强调结果),而ABC三项依次分别所表达的意思:用正式的文件记录,用磁带等录制,以新闻的形式报告。

15. A由上一题的分析很容易弄清楚此处应该填上表示伤害的名词,也即是A项:damage,而BCD项依次分别所表达的探索,保护,材料的意思,都和这儿的语言逻辑不契合。

16. B通过相比得知,使用防晒霜以及喝酒的人皮肤损伤较小。这四个词中只有B项有通过之意。ACD项依次分别所表达的意思:在……里,作为……,在……地方。

17. A由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示较小的含义的形容词比较级修饰不可数名词damage,也就是A项:lesser。而BCD各个选项依次分别所表达的意思:较多,没有,很少(修饰可数名词)。

18. B巴伦及其同事称,目前的这项发现强调了皮肤老化和可避免的环境因素之间的关系,如抽烟、体重超标、无防护措施地过度日晒等,此处应该填上表示老化的名词,也即是B项:aging,而ACD项依次分别所表达的意思:表情,神情,皱纹。

19. A由上一题的分析我们很容易发现此处应该填上表示环境的之意的形容词,也就是说是A项:environmental,其余BCD三项依次分别所表达的意思:基因的,情感的,心理的等等都在语言逻辑上不吻合。

20. C由第18题的分析我们能发现此处应该填上表示无防护措施的意思的单词,这四个单词当中就只有C项了,因为ABD三项表示的意思分别是:保护的,计划的,预防的。

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Hilary Smith belonged to a good family.But by the age of twenty, he had spent all the money the good old family had.He then had some trouble with the bank and was put in prison.He escaped from the prison and ran to Australia without delay.

Hilary did not like Australia. What he could do seemed to be one of two things: die or work.Then he remembered that he was not alone in the world.He had an aunt.

She was his father's only sister, but his father used to say she brought no glory to the family.Hilary, of course, tried to discover what she had done.It seemed that she had failed to marry a nobleman.Instead, she had chosen a husband who was connected with "trade".Of course as soon as she became "Mrs Parks" ,her brother considered her dead.Later on, Mr Parks died and left her a lot of money; but that did not bring her back to life in her brother's opinion.

Hilary discovered his aunt's address.Fortunately she remained faithful and honest to him even after she fell ill.So Hilary's star shone again, and soon he moved into her house and lived as comfortably as a sailor who had just reached harbour.He had only about a six pence in his pocket.

One thing was soon clear: his aunt was seriously ill, and nothing could cure her illness.Hilary was very worried.Fate had found a home for him, and was now going to throw him out of it.There was only one thing that could save him: her will.

"Will?" she said, "yes, I have made one.That was when I was a girl and had not much money.I left all my money to some religious people."

"Didn't you make another will when you were married?" Hilary asked.

His aunt shook her head."No," she said in a low voice, "There was no need.When I finally had a lot of money I found I had no relations."

On the next day he went to the public library and examined a book of law.It told him what he already believed.When a woman is married, an earlier will lose its value.A new will must be made.If no new will is made, the money goes to the nearest relation.Hilary knew that he was his aunt's only relation.His future was safe.

After a few months had passed, Hilary's problems became serious.He badly needed money.He had expensive tastes, and owed a lot of money to shopkeepers.They trusted him because his aunt was rich; but the debt was terrible.

Unfortunately his aunt did not want to discuss money matters at all.In the end they had a quarrel about the small amount of ten pounds.Hilary was not very angry.He began to wonder about a new problem.Was it kind to want his aunt to live.any longer? Was it not better for her to die now? While he was considering what to do, his aunt told him that she was going to send for her lawyer.So she was going to make a new will, Hilary thought.She might leave all her money to someone else.Soon he reached a clear decision.He must do a great kindness to the poor old woman.

One night when the old servant who had been nursing his aunt went off, he doubled the amount of some medicine.The total amount was too great and it could just put her to sleep forever.

"Thank you," his aunt took the glass from his hand with a grateful look."I want more than anything to sleep, and never to wake up again.Is that what you wish, Hilary? Don't blame me if I have some doubts about what you intended to do.Sick people get these ideas, you know.One thing I ought to explain to you.Mr Parks never married me.He already had a wife and couldn't marry again.That made your foolish father very angry with me...Well, if I am alive tomorrow I shall make another will in your favour.If I die tonight, you'll get nothing...No, Hilary, don't try to take the glass away.If you do that, I shall know and I don't want to know.Goodnight, Hilary."

Then, very carefully, she raised the glass to her mouth and drank.

1.From the story ,we learn that Hilary's aunt was ______.

A.bad-tempered and lonely                 B.kind-hearted and wise

C.careless about money                    D.cruel to her nephew

2.Why did Hilary's father consider his aunt dead?

A.Because they lost contact with each other after her marriage.

B.Because she married a businessman with a wife against his will.

C.Because she broke away from the family for a better life.

D.Because he thought she was a shame to the family

3.The underlined sentence "He must do a great kindness to the poor old woman" in paragraph 11 suggests that Hilary Smith ______.

A.was determined to put his aunt's life to an end

B.decided to do his aunt a favor to call in a lawyer

C.made up his mind to take good care of his aunt

D.would help his aunt to donate all her money to religious people

4.Which of the following is the focus of the story?

A.Hilary's aunt's money.                  B.Hilary Smith's debts.

C.The intended murder.                  D.Hilary's aunt's marriage.

5.According to the law book,_____.

A.Hilary's aunt is not allowed to make a new will.

B.the money will go to Hilary after his aunt dies without a new will.

C.Hilary's aunt must leave the money to the religious people after she dies.

D.Hilary must look after his aunt till her death because he is the only relation.

6.Which detail from the story is the climax(高潮)of the story?

A.Hilary escaped from the prison.

B.Hilary quarelled with is aunt about ten pounds.

C.Hilary's aunt drank the medicine her nephew prepared for her.

D.Hilary's aunt made a will to leave all her money to someone else.

 

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