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Enough sleep is important to health. The amount of sleep ______(need) depends on the age of the person and the conditions in ______ sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than _____ old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups. Some can do with _____ than this amount,____ ___ others may need more. Every person knows his own need. _____ is then a matter of good judgment to satisfy his need. Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his ______ (strong) and get ready for a day’s work.

Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. So it is not ______ reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep in the open air. A bath at bedtime, ________ hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful to sleep. Sleep-producing drug should never be taken except when ______ (suggest) by a doctor.

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根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

English,You Are So Popular

English is the world language,the language of international communication in many areas of life;trade,air and sea transport,tourism and sport.New ideas in science,technology and medicine happen so quickly that it is impossible and very expensive to translate everything into different languages.____1.If you want to study some subject, you need to know professional words and phrases.

English is used as a first language in countries such as Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand,the USA and many of the countries in the Caribbean.____2.It is a way in which people who have different languages communicate with each other.This is especially true in many parts of Africa and India.

____3.Australian,American or Irish English has another pronunciation or stresses,so sometimes you cannot understand,although you can speak English.The USA has no official national language.English is used like a natural language by all Americans,because it is very simple.The American variety is popular between no?native speakers,too.

English is far more worldwide in its allocation than all other spoken languages.25% to 33% of the people in the world understand and speak English to some degree.And most of them can use English freely.____4.

In 2001,the 189 member countries in the United Nations were asked what language they wished to use for communication with other countries.More than120 chose English,40 selected French,and 20 wanted to use Spanish.____5.However,the percentage of Internet users who are not native English speakers is increasing rapidly,especially in Asia.

A.It has become the most useful language.

B.Therefore,most things are published in English.

C.In other countries it is used as a second language.

D.However,English in all these countries is not the same.

E.English is also the language particularly on the Internet.

F.There are at least 165 languages spoken in the United States.

G.Therefore,it is not surprising that all languages change through time.

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I could have easily gone through life without getting to know one of the most romantic feelings---love for a dog.

For at least ten years my had been suggesting that we get a dog. There were several reasons why the idea . We had noticed that, on our block, couples with no children as a rule one large or two small dogs. So we got one puppy we too had no children.

He flew into the house with the of a Formula 1 (一级方程式赛车). In several minutes he ran over all the house, from my shoulder onto the bed, and ended up in the , where my wife washed him with motherly . From that day on, the invisible(看不见的) _ for the love of the new member of our household began at my home.

He seemed to that at once. Most of the meals that my wife had for him with greater care than those for me---he didn’t look at.

Every evening I went out walking with him. I could not know who was walking whom one evening, when, tired from work, I the walk. The dog was very angry and dragged me out.

Last night our dog pulled me by the ear with his teeth, me up in my dream, and dragged me into the kitchen to make me turn off the which had disturbed(干扰) his sleep. I meekly(乖乖地) that I had forgotten to switch off the light, but that was not . He looked at me like a teacher at a pupil who repeatedly makes .

Now we finally know who’s the at home, and for twenty years we had seriously argued whether it was my wife or I.

1.A. wife B. son C. husband D. daughter

2.A. came up with B. came out C. came up D. came on

3.A. kept B. rose C. carried D. invited

4.A. if B. unless C. since D. before

5.A. speed B. shape C. cost D. race

6.A. climbed B. jumped C. covered D. stopped

7.A. yard B. street C. bathroom D. kitchen

8.A. worry B. care C. identity D. power

9.A. signal B. work C. war D. truth

10.A. doubt B. understand C. wonder D. dislike

11.A. reached B. searched C. looked D. prepared

12.A. even B. still C. ever D. yet

13.A. while B. because C. until D. as

14.A. gave in B. gave up C. gave away D. gave out

15.A. broke B. woke C. picked D. packed

16.A. water B. heater C. cooker D. light

17.A. hoped B. considered C. admitted D. decided

18.A. enough B. good C. bad D. true

19.A. plans B. mistakes C. decisions D. faces

20.A. boss B. member C. adult D. child

Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.

One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.

They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’ s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.

The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were aged five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not.

The study says the IQs of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points. The more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.

1.According to the first study, we mainly infer that .

A.the game is called Prisoner’s Dilemma

B.the less a group punished itself, the lower its earnings

C.adults are much more cooperative if rewarded

D.the game is introduced in the journal Science

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the second study?

A.Children's IQs have much to do with physical punishment.

B.The study is about violence and cooperation of children.

C.The children tested were divided into groups of four.

D.Children's mental development only relies on their IQs.

3.What does the underlined word "spanked" refer to?

A. Punished. B. Blamed. C. Tested. D. Praised.

4.What might be the best title for the text?

A. The Best Way to Correct Misbehavior

B. Punishment Is the Best Way of Education

C. Cooperation Is the Most Successful Behavior

D. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?

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