题目内容

In our country, most of the school has a ten-minute ________ between classes．

A.
pause
B.
rest
C.
break
D.
leave

C
break n．休息；间歇．

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Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science, and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high-falutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we, at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden. But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume.” We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.

Taxation in Roman days apparently was based on

[A]. wealth. [B]. mobility. [C]. population. [D]. census takers.

The American Statistical Association

[A]. is converting statistical study from an art to a science.

[B]. has an excellent record in business forecasting.

[C]. is neither hopeful nor pessimistic.

[D]. speaks with mathematical exactitude.

The message the author wishes the reader to get is

[A]. statisticians have not advanced since the days of the Roman.

[B]. statistics is not as yet a science.

[C]. statisticians love their machine.

[D].computer is hopeful.

The “greatest story ever told” referred to in the passage is the story of

[A]. Christmas. [B]. The Mets.

[C]. Moses. [D]. Roman Census Takers.

E
We might be surprised at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to design anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For the claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack(窍门) of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and attitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the marks of success or failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of various competitions where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as failures before they have even started a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus(教学大纲), so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive(剥夺) the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under pressure.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark piles of hastily scrawled (潦草的)
scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities.
56.The main idea of this passage is _______.
A. examinations produce a harmful influence on education
B. examinations are ineffective
C. examinations are important to students’ development
D. examinations are a burden on students
57.The author’s attitude toward examinations is _______.
A. supportive       B. neutral          C. critical         D. indifferent
58.The fate of students is decided by _______.
A. education        B. examiners       C. examinations    D. students themselves
59.According to the author, the most important of a good education is _______.
A. to encourage students to read widely        B. to train students to think on their own
C. to teach students how to deal with exams        D. to master his fate
60.What does the author mean by saying “After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s”(Para 4, Line 6) ?
A. Judges are not important.
B. The examiner has the final say concerning the result of the examination.
C. Prisoners are more powerful than students.
D. The court decisions are often inaccurate.

认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。

Have you ever intended to be fully absorbed in your work but found yourself distracted by e-mail, the Internet and other things throughout the day?

"People often lose their concentration when they are bored, of course, but also when they are engaged in challenging tasks," says Peter Bregman. "They sometimes have a feeling to escape from what's difficult or boring, so they jump out," he says. The part of the brain devoted to attention is connected to the brain's emotional center. Any strong emotion—quarrels with colleagues, problems at home—can interrupt our attention. Studies over the last decade have shown that too much work to do at a time can easily lead to distraction.

Refocusing is hard for many people. Robert Epstein suggests the following, "Stop and listen to music for a few minutes. Go for a short walk or take a deep breath, where you breathe in deeply, count to five slowly, hold it and breathe out very slowly." This can "blow out all the tension and the unwanted in your mind to restore your focus."

Take more control by structuring your time and becoming more aware of your behaviors. "Setting the phone alarm to go off every hour is my way of creating awareness," Mr. Bregman says," You have to inform yourself that you've lost focus in order to do something about it." Starting the day with a to-do list is important, such as when to eat, when to go to the gym or take a walk. But if it's overly ambitious, you will put yourself in a state of anxiety, which makes it hard for the brain to concentrate. "Choosing three or four things as your priority for the day allows your brain to settle down and focus," he says.

Topic

How to become more 1. ________ on the work?

2._______ of

getting

distracted

People tend to get away from things that they're3._____ up with.

Strong 4. _________ affect the brain' s part for attention.

People get distracted easily if5.__________ multitasks at a time.

6.______ of

strong emotions

having a 7.___________ with a colleague.

meeting with problems at home

Tips on holding

attention

Stop working to restore your focus by 8. _______ your breath and try different relaxing things.

9._________ your time effectively and create awareness of your behaviors.

Make a to-do list at the beginning of a working day.

Focus on 3 or 4 things and get them done 10._______ for the day.

You will spend hours at the gym training your body, but do you ever think about training your brain? Here are four ways to keep your brain mentally (脑力上地) active and healthy.

Play games

Your brain is a muscle just like the ones in the rest of your body. If you don’t use it, you will lose it. For example, doing a crossword puzzle (纵横填字游戏) once a day is a good way to give the brain the exercise it needs. This kind of puzzle is good at training different areas of the brain. But remember that when doing this puzzle, you should gradually increase the complexity (复杂度); otherwise, it will become repetitive (重复乏味的) and stop being mentally challenging.

Talk aloud

Although it might sound strange to you, talking aloud is a great way to boost your memory. A good exercise to try is counting to 99 in threes as fast as you can.

Be a team leader

If you find you can do your work very easily, you should find a new task. It is important that your job should be mentally challenging. Complex jobs are often more challenging and make the brain work a little harder.

Learn a language

A study found that, compared with those who could speak only one language, the people who could speak two languages had a slower rate of cognitive (认知能力) decrease. Learning a new language is very challenging and it makes sure that different areas of the brain have their lights on.

1.What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Why you should train your brain.

B．How to be a good team leader.

C．Training the brain is more important than training the body.

D．How to make your brain healthy and work actively.

2.Which word can replace the word "boost" in the third paragraph?

A．Change. B．Promote. C．Decrease. D．Lose.

3.We should gradually increase the complexity when doing crossword puzzles because ______.

A．if we don’t use our brain, we will lose it

B．we should make our brain face different challenges

C．our brain is a muscle like other parts in our bodies

D．these puzzles can work on different areas of the brain

4.Which group of people have a slower rate of cognitive decrease?

A．Those who don’t often do crossword puzzles.

B．Those who don’t often count to 99 in threes.

C．Those who do their work very easily.

D．Those who can speak more than one language.

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When I was young,my parents ran a snack bar in our small town.

One evening in early April,my mother told me to fill in at the snack bar 1a worker who had the flu.I told her I would mess it up, 2I had never worked at the bar before.I 3

that instead of making money,I would end up owing it.

“You can do it,”said my mother.“ 4,you won’t get much business until lunch.”

“But I’ll never remember the orders,and I’m no good ___5money.Please,Mom,don’t

6me.”

“Then I’ll help you,”she said.

I shrugged my shoulders.I thought my mother’s 7was a bad one,but I 8.

When I got to the bar the next day,I found my mother was 9.Because the weather that day was rainy and cold,people wanted hot snacks and drinks. 10,I was really slow at taking the orders and making change.The line of people grew,and everybody seemed 11.I was so nervous that my hands shook,and I 12a cup into pieces.What a mess!Then my mother came to 13me,and she also showed me how to make 14.If someone gave me $5 for something that cost $3.25,I handed over 15quarters and a dollar and said,“75 cents makes four dollars,plus one dollar makes five.”Things went more 16after that.

By the end of the day,I could remember orders, 17the bill,and make change quickly with a smile.I was even a little 18when the sun came out and dried up business.My mother said she was proud of me,and when she 19that I work at the snack bar again next year,I did not even shrug.I was too busy 20the restaurant I would open one day.

1.A.to B.for C.after D.over

2.A.because B.though C.until D.while

3.A.promised B.noticed C.worried D.hoped

4.A.Therefore B.However C.Besides D.Yet

5.A.of B.on C.about D.with

6.A.blame B.fool C.frighten D.make

7.A.idea B.bar C.day D.answer

8.A.guessed B.obeyed C.begged D.admitted

9.A.angry B.sad C.wrong D.ashamed

10.A.At least B.At last C.At most D.At first

11.A.surprised B.impolite C.pleased D.impatient

12.A.damaged B.destroyed C.broke D.ruined

13.A.scold B.help C.beat D.save

14.A.money B.lunch C.coffee D.change

15.A.two B.three C.four D.five

16.A.smoothly B.fairly C.simply D.conveniently

17.A.turn in B.count out C.take over D.add up

18.A.discouraged B.disturbed C.disappointed D.distrusted

19.A.thought B.stated C.announced D.suggested

20.A.imagining B.preparing C.examining D.describing

In our country, most of the school has a ten-minute ________ between classes．

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