题目内容

Global Shortage of Fresh Water 

1） 有人认为淡水是取之不尽的。（雨水、河水、井水、地下水）

2） 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的。（人口增加、工业用水增加、污染、干旱）

3） 提出解决问题的办法。

注意： 1. 词数：120字左右。

       2. 卷面整洁分：2分

3. 注意语篇连贯，可根据需要增减括号中的内容。

1. Generally, people think that the earth will never lack fresh water. They think there is fresh water in rain, in rivers and wells and underground water.

But in fact such a belief is unfortunately wrong and possibly dangerous. Due to the rapid population increase, fresh water consumption remains great. Besides, with industrial development, more water is needed. Moreover, more rivers and lakes have been polluted and therefore undrinkable. Worst still, many more parts of the world are suffering from droughts.
　　We must take measures to solve (the problem of ) water shortage. First, population growth should be controlled to reduce water demand. Second, polluted water in the rivers and lakes should be purified. Most importantly, we should value every drip of tap water in our daily life.

    In short, the global fresh water shortage can be solved if we take action in time.

 2. Seventy percent of the earth＇s surface is covered with water , which might leads us to think that fresh water is everywhere and it will never be used up in the world.

     Actually, fresh water is in a short supply. We know that only a little part of water is fresh water. Yet the demand for fresh water (in our daily life and in industry) seems great. Moreover, with the expansion of the population and development of industry, the amount of the fresh water needed will increase even rapidly. It is estimated that if such a trend continues, the fresh water   will be exhausted/used up very soon. What’s worse, more and more water resources are being polluted, and unfit to use , and more rivers and wells have dried up because of droughts.
    The good news is that we are aware of the importance of fresh water and its shortage we are facing. We are trying to control the wastes from factories and develop new ways to recycle the used water.

 In conclusion, the global shortage of fresh water, I believe, can be solved if we take some measures in time. 

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Want a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient —no matter where he or she may be.

Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(症状) are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patient’s important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.

Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster need—especially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts’ opinions.

But there is one problem. Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂的) medical pictures around the world — CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service.

Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinions and diagnosis are common.

The writer chiefly talks about _______.

       A. the use of telemedicine           B. the on-lined doctors

       C. medical care and treatment             D. communication improvement

The basis of remote diagnosis will be _______.

A. personal data assistance                 B. some words of a patient

       C. real physiological information         D. medical pictures from the Internet

Which of the following statements is true according to the text？

       A. Patients don’t need doctors in hospitals any more.

       B. It is impossible to send a patient’s signs over the telephone.

       C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now.

       D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.

The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _______.

       A. bandwidth isn’t big enough to send complex medical pictures

       B. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yet

       C. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needs

       D. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical care

The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquake-prone（有地震倾向的） countries could become part of its long-term energy solution．
Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity．
Although Japanese high-tech companies are leaders in geothermal（地热的） technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation．
"Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy," said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal-electric power production．
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent．
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs．
For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power．
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories．Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden．
"We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks．" said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow．
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, "Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project．We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term．"
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, US, believed Japan could produce 80,000 megawatts（兆瓦）and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology．
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share．In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand．
【小题1】What would be the best title for the text?

A．Alternative energies in Japan
B．World's largest geothermal plant
C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology
D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy
【小题2】What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy?
A．About 8%．B．Below 1%．C．Around 30%．D．Over 80%．
【小题3】According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ____．
A．a change of rulesB．financial support
C．local people's helpD．high technology
【小题4】Geothermal energy is considered as a long-term program by _____．
A．Yoshiyasu TakefujiB．Hideaki Matsui
C．Shigeto YamadaD．Yoko Ono
【小题5】It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that _____．
A．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by America
B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology
C．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is great
D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan


B
Sir Richard Branson today offered a $ 25,000,000 prize for scientists who find a way to save the planet from the effects of climate change.
Supported by the former US vice-president A1 Gore and other environmentalists, the boss of Virgin Atlantic airlines called for scientists to come up with a way to take greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere.
“What we are doing is making sure we get the most carbon dioxide-friendly planes. We promise that 100% of profits we make from our transportation business are put into things like the prize we've offered today. We shall convince people that we are facing a threat which is urgent and there’s no superhero. We have no hope of a meaningful solution unless we find a way to work together.” he said.
Mr Gore said global warming was man-made and was like to the planet suffering from a “fever”. He said, "Humans had slipped into a way of thinking that was centered on ‘short term satisfaction’, and now meet the challenge of ‘transforming ourselves and changing the structures of everything we do’," he said.
Reacting to the launch of the prize, Tony Jupiter, the Friends of the Earth's director, warned against wasting time waiting for new inventions. He said, "Sir Richard' s initiative (初衷) may encourage inventors to develop a wonder technology to deal with carbon dioxide of the atmosphere. But many of the ways, such as energy efficiency and renewables, already exist, and it is essential that these be put into practice as soon as possible. Moreover, Sir Richard must also look at his business activities and the contribution they make to climate change. The world will find it very difficult to settle climate change if air travel continues to expand and space tourism is developed."
40. Sir Richard Branson is ________.
A. a scientist concerned for climate change  B. a businessman working for A1 Gore
C. the boss of Virgin Atlantic airlines     D. the director of the Friends of the Earth
41. The purpose of using A1 Gore' s quotation was to_______。
A. ask people to change the way of thinking
B. compare global warming to an Earth's fever
C. show how serious and urgent the problem is
D. call for more attention to the launch of the prize
42. What is file main idea of the passage?
A. It is important for people to save our planet.
B. Humans are to blame for causing climate change.
C. Scientists are trying to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
D. A prize was offered for solutions to global warming.
43. How was Tony Jupiter’s attitude to space tourism?
A. Negative.     B. Positive.     C. Optimistic.      D. Neutral (中立).

There has been a large increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is believed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in thefuture. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.

London

London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat (威胁)of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 31 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not solved

There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property(财产）in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.

Paris

Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 1 1,400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?

One solution is to have air-conditioners installed（安装）in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).

In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower,” which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.

Shanghai

Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.

About 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption（消耗）. China depends heavily on coal—fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.

1.What problem should be settled now in London?

A. How to protect the city’s property

B. Where to build its flood defences

C. How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city

D. How to improve the function of the old flood defences

2.Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?

A. Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.

B. Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.

C. Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”.

D. Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.

3.The major threats to Shanghai are __________.

A. increasing population and coal-fired power stations

B. rising sea levels and typhoons

C. extremely high temperature and rising sea levels

D. extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons

4.The purpose of the passage is __________.

A. to tell us how to protect the big cities

B. to give advice on how to defend natural disasters

C. to explain what causes flood and heat waves

D. to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities

 

The world’s biggest Internet search engine, Google, has proven once again to be king of the Web. Users can download “Google Wi-Fi” software and then enjoy free Wi-Fi service available in some US cities since last Tuesday.

  Wi-Fi is short for “Wireless Fidelity”(无线上网). It allows laptop computers and personal digital assistants to connect to the Internet at high speed by radio sigal.

  A person with a Wi-Fi enabled computer can connect to the Internet when near one of the network’s access points. The place covered by one or several access points is called a hotspot. Google had already set up two “hotspots” in the US city of San Francisco which provide a free Wi-Fe service.

  The Wi- Fi technology even allows users to enjoy a free Internet phone service. Some scientists argue that Wi-Fi may replace mobile phone networks.

  Wi-Fi is stioo limited to a few cities, where there are “ hotspots”. But its capability(容量) of sending information has already done better than that of the mobile phone network, even that of 3G (Third Generation telecommunication technology). Some scientists have started to call Wi-Fi 4G.

  In addition to a high speed Internet connection, Fi-Fi has other advantages compared to mobile phones. We-Fi is global. The same Wi-Fi system works in different countries around the world. Different from using cell phones, you don’t need to change computers to use Internet phones when you go to other places and most importantly, many Internet phones cost you nothing at all.

1. Wi-Fi is not available in cities without_____.

 A. a computer   B. a radio   C. a hotspot   D. a cell phone

2. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of Wi-Fi?

A.  The high speed Internet connection.   B. Many free Internet phones.

B.  Using the same computers for Internet phones when you go to other places. C. Used in all the US cities.

3. Some scientists started to call Wi-Fi 4G, because_____.

A.it is the product of the Google”s 4th generation.

B..it is more capable of sending information than the mobile phone network.

C.it has been used by more than four generations.

D.Wi-Fi will surely take the place of the mobile phone network.

4.. Which of the following is the best title?

A.Third Generation Telecommunication Technology

B. Free Call Service

C.Google Launches Free Wi-Fi Service

D.Free Wi-Fi Service across the U.S.A.

 

 

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