题目内容

1. How long has it been since         ？(hear)

从你上次接到你女儿的信以来有多长时间了？

1. you heard from your daughter

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Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the "looksay" or " wholeword" method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.

The wholeword approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of let?ters,thinking over decoding,developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the selfdirected, "learning how to learn" activities recommended by advocates (倡导者) of "open" classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963,no major publisher put out anything but these "Run-Spot-Run" readers.

However,in 1955,Rudolf Resch touched off what has been called "the great debate" in beginning reading. In his bestseller Why Johnny Cant Read,Flesch indicted (控诉) the nation's public schools for miseducating students by using the looksay method. He said―and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed―that another approach to beginning reading,founded on phonics (语音学) ，is far superior.

Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds;it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words,it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences;it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

(   ) 1. What does the underlined phrase " touchedoff" most probably mean?

   A. Moved off. B. Set off. C. Took off. D. Droped off.

(   ) 2. The author accuses the "looksay" reading approach because         .

   A. it overlooks decoding

   B. some experts agree with him

   C. it devalues the useful phonics method

   D. many schools still use this method

(   ) 3. The difference between the looksay method and the phonics method is         .

   A. looksay is only logical and natural

   B. phonics is merely effective and reasonable

   C. looksay is easier to teach and reliable

   D. phonics gives readers access to far more words

(   ) 4. According to the passage,the better way of teaching children reading is         .

   A. "looksay" or "wholeword" method

   B. systematic phonics approach

   C. " learning how to learn" activities

   D. "Run-Spot-Run" method

  Failing to drink enough water can make our brain shrink (萎缩) ，experts have warned. Re?search showed that dehydration not only affects the size of the brain but also how it works. Just 90 minutes of steady sweating (出汗) can shrink the brain as much as a year of aging,research?ers believe.

  Being short of water,the brain is also forced to work harder to process the same informa?tion. Over days and weeks,lack of liquids could have an impact on performance at work and school,causing exam results to fall. But there is no need to panic,because after a glass of water or two,the brain quickly returns to normal.

  A team of scientists from around the UK scanned the brains of teenagers after an hour and a half of cycling. Some exercised in three layers of clothing. Others were much more lightly dressed in shorts and T-shirts. The brain tissue (组织) of those who were wrapped up had shrunk away from their skulls (头骨) .

  Researchers Dr. Matthew Kempton and Ulrich Ettinger,of the Institute of Psychiatry at King's College London,said; "It's clear that we saw a general shrinking of the brain tissue. Liquidfilled space in the middle of the brain expanded and there was a comparative shrinking of the brain tissue. The people who lost the most weight had the most shrinkage of the brain. " On average,the amount of shrinkage equated to 14 months of agerelated wear and tear,or the brain shrinking matched two and a half months of Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症) .

  The sweaty students did just as well when they were asked to play a computer game that tests the ability to plan and solve problems. But the scans showed they used more of their brain to do it,the journal Human Brain Mapping reports.

  Professor Ben McGannan of the study's funder,water cooler firm of Water for Work and Home,said：" We strongly believed loss of water was an issue affecting students' performance,but we offered financial support for this research to give us clear evidence. Most importantly,we're seeking a way to get rid of the undesirable impacts and make up enough water effectively,such as drinking beers."

(   ) 5. What does the underlined word "dehydration" probably mean?

   A. Plenty of water.

   B. The inappropriate way to drink water.

   C. Great damage done to the brain.

   D. Dryness resulting from lack of water.

(   ) 6. Without enough water,          .

   A. it is hard for the brain to think normally

   B. the body can't sweat in time

   C. people will suffer from ageing

   D. the liquidfilled space will disappear

(   ) 7. What do Professor Ben McGannan's words suggest?

   A. We should make effort to take good care of our brain.

   B. More research is needed to solve the brain's loss of water.

   C. Drinking beers is the best way to make up water in the body.

   D. Students must drink enough water to improve their performance.

(   ) 8. What subject is talked in the passage?

   A. The brain structure. B. Exercise and the brain.

   C. Lack of water in the brain. D. The importance of water.

6. You must work hard,        in the class.(otherwise)

你必须努力学习，否则你在班上的名次就保不住了。

 Years ago,in a small fishing village in Holland,a young boy taught the world about the rewards of unselfish service. Because the entire village lived by fishing,a volunteer rescue team was needed in case of emergency. One night the winds blew heavily,the clouds burst and a sudden storm overturned a fishing boat at sea. In trouble,the crew sent out the S. O. S. The captain of the rescue rowboat team heard the alarm and the villagers gathered in the town square overlooking the bay.

  An hour later,the rescue boat reappeared through the fog and the cheering villagers ran to greet them. Falling tired out on the sand,the volunteers reported that the rescue boat could not hold any more passengers and they had to leave one man behind. Even one more passenger would have surely overturned the rescue boat and all would have been lost.

  Madly,the captain called for another volunteer team to look for the lone survivor. Sixteen-year-old Hans stepped forward. His mother seized his arm,begging, "Please don't go. Your father died in a shipwreck 10 years ago and your older brother,Paul,has been lost at sea for three weeks. Hans,you are all I have left."

Hans replied, " Mother,this time I have to do my duty. When the call for service comes,we all need to take our turn and do our part. " Hans kissed his mother,joined the team and dis?appeared into the night.

  Another hour passed,which seemed to Hans' mother like a century. Finally,the rescue boat moved through the fog with Hans standing up in the bows. Cupping his hands,the captain yelled, "Did you find the lost man?" Barely able to control himself,Hans excitedly cried back, "Yes,we found him. Tell my mother it's my older brother,Paul!"

(   ) 5. Why was another rescue team organized?

   A. Because the first rescue team was in trouble.

   B. Because the first rescue team couldn't save the crew.

   C. The rescue boat was not large enough to carry all the crew.

   D. Another fishing boat was trapped on a lonely island.

(   ) 6. Why did the mother prevent his son,Hans,from joining the rescue team?

   A. She didn't think her son old enough to join it.

   B. She was so selfish that she didn't want to serve others.

   C. She needed some comfort and help from her son.

   D. She was deeply stricken by the loss of her husband and elder son.

(   ) 7. The underlined word "cupping" in the last paragraph means         .

   A. holding tightly a cup in his hands

   B. circling his hands around a cup

   C. drinking a cup of water thirstily

   D. making his hands into the shape of a cup

(   ) 8. The passage is written mainly         .

   A. to tell us an unforgettable experience

   B. to promote a close tie among people

   C. to encourage people to be brave and devoted

   D. to show respect for the brave captain

  When I was 16 years old,I made my first visit to the United States. It wasn't the first time I had been abroad. Like most of English children,I learned French at school. And I had often been to France,so I was used to speaking a foreign language to people who didn't understand English. But when I went to America I was really looking forward to having a nice easy holiday without any language problems.

  How wrong I was!The misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a public telephone to give my friend Danny a call and tell her that I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me looking lost and asked if he could help me.

  "Yes," I said, "I want to give my friend a ring."

  "Well,that's nice," he said, "Are you getting married? But aren't you a bit young?"

  "I am not talking about marriage!" I replied, "I only want to give my friend a ring to tell her I've arrived. Can you tell me where there's a phone box?"

  "Oh!" he said, "There's a phone downstairs."

  When at last we met,Danny explained the misunderstandings to me.

  "Don't worry," she said to me, "I had so many difficulties at first. There are lots of words which the Americans use differently in meaning from the British. You will soon get used to all the funny things they say. Most of the time British and American people understand each other."

(   ) 5. Where was the writer from?

   A. America. B. France. C. England. D. China.

(   ) 6. The writer wanted         .

   A. to buy a ring for his friend

   B. to make a call to his friend

   C. to go to the telephone company

   D. his friend to see him off

(   ) 7. From the passage we can see that "give somebody a ring"         .

   A. has the same meaning in America as in England

   B. means "call somebody" for the old man

   C. has two different meanings

   D. means "be going to get married" in England

(   ) 8. In the last paragraph,the underlined word "they" refers to         .

   A. the old man and the boy   B. the Americans

   C. the British   D. the French

3. How could she        when she was lying helpless in bed? (set)

她无助地躺在床上，怎能动身去找他呢？

6. The present system has worked satisfactorily,so why change it? My advice is        . (leave)

目前这个制度执行情况令人满意，为什么要改变呢？我的建议是听其自然。

6. Everything in the house        the thorough cleaning.(upside)

由于进行大扫除,屋里的一切被弄得乱七八糟。

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