Question

【题目】 One recent night， while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal， my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked， “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.”In other words， ideals—general descriptions of people's expectations of themselves and others—can often lead us to unreasonable ideas.It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people.We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin， the year of their birth or any other related factors.

I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America.The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes：Jewish people were“greedy”， Mexicans were“poorly educated”， and Asians were“good at math”.These labels were taught to us from a young age.They wormed their way into our belief systems， harming how we came to see others.It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true.The rush-to judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination.

You can also see these over-generalized descriptions being made against today's Chinese people.Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among mile millennial being described as “monkish”， or“dad-fashion”which has given the“greasy middle-aged men”tag.stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society.But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.

It's about time that we， as a society， walked away from generalizations and stereotypes.I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr.from his famous“I Have a Dream”speech：“T look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin， but by the content of their character.”By reserving judgment and really getting to know the individual you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.

【1】According to the passage， how do people tend to judge others?

A.By describing people's personalities.

B.By truly getting to know those around.

C.By observing their noticeable features.

D.By following Martin Luther King's speech.

【2】Examples of“millennial”and dad-fashion”are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal .

A.generalizations have unfavorable position in society

B.generalizations have a negative influence on our society

C.generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-age Chinese

D.generalizations make today's Chinese people lack interest or worry

【3】The passage is mainly concerned with .

A.the common prejudice

B.people's expectation of themselves

C.the groundless worries

D.the famous speech of Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了当今社会普遍存在的对某些群体留有刻板印象的现象。

【1】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.（我们喜欢根据人们的肤色、出生年份或其他相关因素来对他们进行刻板印象）可知，我们喜欢通过人们的肤色、出生年份或其他相关因素来对他们形成刻板印象，也就是人们常常以别人的明显特征来判断的。由此可知，人们倾向于通过观察他们明显的特征。判断别人故选C。

【2】推理判断题。根据第三段的倒数第二行Stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.（刻板印象似乎总能在我们社会的意识中站稳脚跟。但这些概括确实有害，因为这些印象可能会影响更多人。）可知，作者认为刻板印象似乎如“千禧一代”“复古时尚”之类的总能在我们社会的意识中站稳脚跟，但这些概括确实有害，因为这些印象可能会影响更多人。故可知在第3段中提及的“千禧一代”和“复古时尚”的例子揭示泛化对我们的社会有负面影响。故选B。

【3】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文阐述了人们常常通过别人的明显特征就将人们定型，形成狭隘的刻板印象，并且围绕了这种刻板印象的歧视给社会带来的消极影响，并在最后呼吁人们改变这种给别人“贴标签”，给群体留下刻板印象的歧视。综上，本文主要关注的是普遍存在的共同歧视现象。故选A。