Mouth bacteria grow fast in airless conditions．Oxygen rich saliva(唾液)keeps their numbers down．When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur(硫)producing bacteria gains the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”．
Alcohol drinking, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise, anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath．So can stress, though it's not understood why．Some people's breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview．
Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do．Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath．
For most of us, the simple, dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured．Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria．Breakfast often stops morning breath．
Those with constant dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around．Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria．
Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash．The liquid can mask bad breath smell with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour．Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath．The trouble is, they don't necessarily reach all offending germs．Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus(粘液)．If the mouthwash contains alcohol－as most do－it can worsen the problem by drying out the mouth．
(1)
Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?
[ ]
A．
Tooth trouble．
B．
Sulfur rich food．
C．
Too much exercise．
D．
Mental pressure．
(2)
According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because ________．
[ ]
A．
it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing
B．
its smell adds to bad breath
C．
it kills some helpful bacteria
D．
it affects the normal flow of saliva
(3)
Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because ________．
[ ]
A．
they can't mask the bad odor long enough
B．
they can't get to all the offending bacteria
C．
their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse
I was bleeding now．My ears were red, my nose was broken, and the pain of failure was beginning．I had lost．It was over．The match was stopped．The world seemed to stand still for a moment as I looked at who had beaten me．“I’ve lost,” I said in m mind．“The last chance to win and I had lost．” It was the final round of wrestling．It was my last year at camp and I wanted to have an undefeated season．But now, I had lost in the tournament(锦标赛)．
My coach came over to help me up．He saw that my nose was broken and realized that the match had to be stopped．He helped me up and I got small applause from my teammates．People on the other team just stared．Coach walked me over to the locker room to work on m nose．
“I’ll stop the bleeding,” Coach Matt said．His voice was cold and empty．He had expected me to win－he knew I could had won－but now he saw it was over．I had lost．
“Hey, Steve．You did good, man, He, well, he just…” my friend Paul couldn’t find what to say．
“Forget it, man．” I said, my nose still bleeding．
“Don’t talk or it won’t stop bleeding．Just relax and breath through your mouth．” Coach Matt’s voice was still cold, but warming slowly．He was like a father to me．He had been there through all m years of wrestling, all my wins and lose, all my hopes and dreams－and now he was there, fixing my smashed nose．
“This must have happened during that last throw．You fell to much on your face．You should’ve turned and tried to escape．You gotta think more．” Coach Matt began, his voice now warm like an old friend trying to give good advice．
“I wanted this so badly．” I said．
“Maybe we can get another contest because of the nose．You can still go undefeated!You can still do it…” Paul continued．
No, I lost．Nothing was left for me to do this year．This was supposed to be the year－no loses．” I said, cutting him off before he finished．
“Steve, you did your best．Come on．Let’s go and get your medal,” Coach said．He looked at me right in the eyes．“You gave it your all．You deserved that trophy(战利品)，not the silver medal．You deserve it, but he is getting it．You really won and the whole team is proud．”
I walked up to get my medal, my head held high．I shook the hands of the judges and my opponent, took m medal and saw that, in the eyes of everyone, I had really won．No matter what trophy or medal my opponent took home, no matter what．He may have had my trophy, but he could never have my will．
(1)
The word “applause” in the second paragraph means ________．
[ ]
A．
cheers and hand－clapping
B．
shouts and crying
C．
screaming and laughing
D．
noises and whistling
(2)
“You gave it your all．” Means that ________．
[ ]
A．
you tried to win but you failed
B．
you have done your best to do it
C．
you never gave up doing it
D．
you succeeded in everything
(3)
The hero lost his match．Both his coach and friends thought that ________．
[ ]
A．
he really showed his strength in it
B．
he shouldn’t be encouraged and thought highly of
C．
he could not match his opponent
D．
he had lost heart at the end of the competition
(4)
According to the hero, at the end of the passage, we can suppose that ________．
[ ]
A．
he had made up his mind to win all the matches the next season
B．
he looked down upon his opponent and though nothing of it
C．
he had strong will to become the best wrestler in the world
D．
he wanted to end his career as a professional wrestler
阅读理解：
It was at least two months before Christmas when nine-year-old Almie Rose told her father and me that she wanted a new bicycle．As Christmas drew near, her desire for a bicycle seemed to fade, or so we thought．We bought the latest rages．Baby-Sitter’s Club dolls, and a doll house．Then, much to our surprise, on December 23rd, she said that she “really wanted a bike more than anything else．”
It was just too late, what will all the details of preparing Christmas dinner and buying last-minute gifts, to take the time to select the “right bike” for our little girl．So here we were－Christmas Eve around 9∶00 p. m., with Almie and her six-year-old brother, Dylan, nested snug in their beds．Now we could only think of the bicycle and the disappointment of our child．“What if the bicycle out of clay(a kind of earth)and write a note that she could trade the clay model in for a real bike?” her dad asked．“This is an expensive item and she is ‘such a big girl,’ and it would be much better for her to pick it out．”So he spent the next four hours painstakingly working with clay to make a tiny bike．
On Christmas morning, we were excited for Almie to open the little heart-shaped package with the beautiful red and white clay bike and the note．Finally, she opened it and read the note aloud．“Does this mean that I trade in this bike that Daddy made me for a real one?”Beaming, I said,“Yes．”Almie had tears in her eyes when she replied,“I could never trade in this beautiful bicycle that Daddy made me．I’d rather keep this than get a real bike．”At that moment, we would have moved heaven and earth to buy every bicycle on the planet!
(1)
Which is the right time order of the following events?
a．The girl asked for a new bike
b．The girl opened the little heart-shaped package
c．The parents bought the girl a modern and popular doll．
d．The father made the girl a bike with clay．
e．The girl would rather keep the clay bike than get a real one．
[ ]
A．
b, c, e ,d
B．
a, c, d, b, e
C．
a, c, b, d, e
D．
a, b, d, c, e
(2)
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
[ ]
A．
The parents wanted the girl to have the clay bike forever．
B．
Tears were in the girl’s eyes because she didn’t like the present at all．
C．
The girl never lost her desire for a bike．
D．
The parents paid little attention to the daughter’s desire for a bike．
(3)
Why did Dad make the clay bicycle?
[ ]
A．
Because he wanted to buy a real one, but he had no money．
B．
Because he didn’t want to disappoint his daughter．
C．
Because he thought his daughter would like it．
D．
Because he wanted to give his daughter a surprise．
(4)
What can be inferred from the last sentence of the text?
[ ]
A．
The parents were happy and encouraged．
B．
The parents felt comfortable and relaxed．
C．
The parents were moved and felt proud of the girl．
D．
The parents felt disappointed and sorry for the girl．
阅读理解：
A young woman carrying a three-year-old child got on a bus．The conductor hurried to give her a warm welcome and then kindly asked the other passengers to make more room for the woman and her child．On seeing this, people began to talk．“You know this conductor used to be very rude．Now suddenly he has changed his bad behavior,”said a middle-aged man．
“Yes, he should be praised and we must write a letter to the company,”said a second passenger．“That’s right,”another lady said,“I wish a newspaper reporter were here so that more people could learn from this conductor．”
Just then a gentleman who looked like a teacher turned to the conductor and said,“Excuse me, but can I know your name, please?Your excellent service must be praised…”
Before he could open his mouth, the three-year-old child sitting on the young woman’s lap interrupted,“I know his name．I call him Dad．”
(1)
One passenger suggested writing a letter to the company to ________．
[ ]
A．
make a demand for more buses
B．
thank the conductor for his good service
C．
criticize the conductor for his rude behavior
D．
invite a newspaper reporter to write about the conductor
(2)
What was the gentleman?
[ ]
A．
A teacher．
B．
A newspaper reporter．
C．
Not known from the story．
D．
The conductor’s friend from his company．
(3)
The word“him”in the last paragraph refers to ________．
[ ]
A．
the gentleman
B．
the conductor
C．
the middle-aged man
D．
the three-year-old child
(4)
It is clear from the story that the conductor ________．
[ ]
A．
has changed his attitude towards his work
B．
has now been kind and polite to all passengers
C．
has not changed his rude behavior to passengers
D．
has now been kind and polite to women with children
阅读理解：
A ten-year-old girl breathed life into the body of her two-year-old sister．
Mary Anne Gilbert revived her sister Alice on Thursday while their mother tried to telephone a doctor and the police for help．
Mary Anne later remembered the fast way she saved her sister’s life．She had noticed that her sister, who was ill, had begun to strangle(窒息)．She quickly called her mother．After a useless effort to help Alice, Mrs．Gilbert handed the baby to Mary Anne and rushed to phone for help．The baby appeared to have stopped breathing．
Mary Anne suddenly decided to start breathing into the baby’s mouth．Later, Mary Anne explained that she remembered a newspaper story her mother once read to her about a life being saved by mouth-to-mouth breathing．“So I thought it might work with Alice”, she said．It did．
(1)
Mary gave first aid to her two-year-old sister on Thursday ________．
[ ]
A．
while her mother was ringing up a doctor and a police
B．
as Mrs．Gibert made a useless effort to help Alice
C．
as soon as the girl began to strangle
D．
when she had the baby in her arms alone
(2)
From the story we can guess that the meaning of“revived”is ________．
[ ]
A．
took care of
B．
gave medical care to
C．
brought to life
D．
found in trouble
(3)
The sentence“It did．”at the end of the story means ________．
