题目内容
19.In 1769,William Smith was born in a little town in Oxfordshire,England.He received basic village schooling but mostly he wandered on his uncle's farm collecting the fossils(化石) in the rocks of the Cotswold hills.When he grew older,Smith learned surveying from books and at 18he learned from a local surveyor.He then began to teach himself geology (地质学).When he was 24,he went to work for the company that was digging the Somerset Coal Canal in the south of England.This job gave Smith an opportunity to study the fresh strata(地层) created by the newly dug canal.He later worked on similar jobs across England all the while studying strata and collecting all the fossils he could find.Smith used mail coaches to travel 10,000miles per year.In 1815he published the first modern geological map A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland.
In 1831when Smith was recognized by the Geological Society of London as the"father of English geology",it was not only for his maps but also for something even more important.People had hoped strata could be used to calculate(计算出) geological time,but scientists found the sequences(顺序) of rocks sometimes differed from area to area and that no rock type was ever going to become a dependable time marker.Even without the problem of regional differences,rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers.Quartz(石英) is quartz; there's no difference between two-million-year-old quartz and quartz created over 500million years ago.
As he collected fossils from strata,Smith noticed the fossils told a different story from the rocks.Particularly in the younger strata,the rocks were often so similar that he had trouble distinguishing(区别) the strata,but he never had trouble telling the fossils apart.Some fossils appear in many strata,but others occur only in a few strata,and a few species had their births and extinctions(灭绝) within one particular strata.Fossils are thus identifying markers for particular periods in Earth's history.
28.What do we know about young Smith?B
A.He spent most of his time reading.
B.He showed much interest in geology.
C.He learned surveying just by himself.
D.He received a very good formal education.
29.Which can be used to describe Smith according to Paragraph 2?D
A.Adventurous and brave.
B.Talented and productive.
C.Warm-hearted and honest.
D.Hard-working and devoted.
30.The author mentions quartz to show thatA.
A.no rock can be a reliable time marker
B.no quartz can be found in recent times
C.quartz can fell people rocks,geological time
D.the sequences of rocks differ from area to area
31.Which of the following is Smith's greatest achievement?B
A.He drew many maps of strata.
B.He used fossils to identify strata.
C.He built a lot of canals in England.
D.He was the creator of modern geology.
分析 本文是记叙文.文章介绍了英国地质之父.
解答 28.B.细节理解题.由第一段的but mostly he wandered on his uncle,s farm collecting the fossils in the rocks of the Cotswold hills 可知,史密斯小时候对地质学产生了浓厚兴趣.
29.D.推理判断题.由第二段的He later worked on similar jobs across England all the while studying strata and collecting all the fossils he could find.Smith used mail coaches to travel 10.000 miles per year可知,史密斯勤奋而专注地进行科学研究.
30.A.推理判断题.由第三段可知,作者提到石英是为了举一个例子,用来支持no rock type was ever going to become a dependable time marker 或 rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers这个观点.
31.B.细节理解题.由最后两段,特别是文章最后-句 Fossils are thus identifying markers for particuar periods in Eartfi's history 可知,史密斯的这些成就中,用化石鉴定岩层是最重要的成就.
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题,首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意.因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料.其次,细读题材,各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性.对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准.
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