题目内容
do many of my friends in China.
B. which
C. while
D. where
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Blood donation, also called blood banking, is a wonderful thing to do. It is an easy and direct way of contributing to social work and having a big effect on the community. It helps to save lives and helps those who are in need of blood due to bad condition or the heavy loss of blood during operations or in accidents.
You are able to give or donate blood every three or four month, and it is such a beautiful way of making a huge difference to someone’s life and you can always be proud of it after making a valuable contribution to society. Blood donation is not a big problem, but you need to keep a few points in mind.
Before donating blood, make sure that the ferrum（铁）level in you body is high enough and for that you should take a healthy diet. Do not go for blood donation on an empty stomach. You should follow the correct process so that everything goes well. After having a balanced diet you will feel strong and comfortable to donate blood. Afterwards, you will not feel faint or weak.
For required hemoglobin（血红蛋白）in your body, drink lots of juice and other drinks. Fruit juice, such as apple juice is very good for increasing the blood level in your body.
For a good blood flow in your body, drink at least 6-7 glasses of water every day. Completely avoid, a day before and after giving blood, taking alcohol, caffeine, etc. Do not smoke half an hour before giving blood.
When you are going for blood donation, be relaxed, which helps keep the right blood pressure. During the blood donation activity take a deep breath and try to calm yourself. Don’t take part in some other activities.
When you donate blood, you are making the effort to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very simple and fast process, but you need to take care of yourself after donating blood. Proper care helps to reduce side effects. The following are a few tips that will help you out.
Take a rest for 15 minutes after completion of the donation. It helps you to feel relaxed and energetic.
Eat something and drink juice before leaving the blood donation center. Make sure that you have meals after donating blood. Smoking should be avoided for one hour after the process. Avoid some activities right away, for example, driving.
Finally, be proud of yourself because you have done a great thing in helping to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very important activity.
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Title |
Blood donation— an important activity |
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The 1. __________ of blood donation |
² Making 2. __________ to social work and the community. ² Helping those people who suffer the 3. __________ of blood. ² Giving yourself a sense of 4. __________. |
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5. __________ the donation |
² Take a health diet for a high ferrum level. ² Drink fruit juice for enough hemoglobin. ² Drink at least 6-7 glasses of water 6. __________ for a good flow of blood. ² Avoid taking alcohol, caffeine, etc. and smoking cigarettes. |
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During the donation |
² Relax and 7. __________ deeply. ² Never 8. __________ in other activities. |
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After the donation |
² Take a rest. ² Don’t 9. __________ meals. ² Don’t smoke until one hour later. ² Never take part in some activities 10. __________. |
Mothers can still offer comfort, even from a distance, a new study has found. The results show that simply hearing their mothers’ voice over the phone works just as well at calming the nerves of stressed children as a real-life pat on the shoulder.
The soothing（抚慰的）effect is most likely due to the release of the hormone（荷尔蒙）, oxytocin（催生素）, in the brain, the researchers say. This “love hormone” is known to quell stress and is likely to be involved in social connections, including those between a mother and a child.
Previous work has revealed that this hormone is released during physical contact with a mother. “But it’s clear from these results that a mother’s voice can have the same effect as a hug, even if she isn’t actually standing there,” said the researcher, Leslie Seltzer, a biological scientist.
Seltzer tested a group of 61 girls, aged 7 to 12, by having them make an unprepared speech and solve a series of maths problems in front of a group of strangers, sending their hearts racing and levels of cortisol—a hormone associated with stress—soaring.
Facing a challenge like that raises stress levels of a lot of people. Once stressed, a third of the girls were comforted in person by their mothers with hugs. A third of the girls watched an emotionally neutral 75-minute video. The rest were handed a telephone with their mothers on the line.
For the girls who interacted in person or over the phone with their mothers, the levels of the “love hormone” rose significantly, and the stress-marking hormone was washed away. This effect didn’t show up for participants who watched the video.
Seltzer is now testing the amount of oxytocin released with other communication methods—like text messaging—and hopes to see the research spread out from human subjects. “It’s not just us, of course. Lots of very social species have voices,” she said. “on the one hand, we are curious to see if this effect is unique to humans. On the other, we’re hoping researchers who study vocal communication will consider looking at oxytocin release in other animals and apply it to broader questions of social behavior and evolutionary biology.
1.Mothers’ voice over the phone can reduce children’s nerves according to the study, because .
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A．children can imagine their mothers’ hugs on the line |
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B．children enjoy their mothers’ voice and forget their worries |
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C．mothers are good at comforting their children, even on the phone |
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D．mothers’ voice can promote the release of the love hormone |
2.The underlined word “quell” in the second paragraph probably means “ ”.
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A．cause or bring |
B．delay or direct |
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C．stop or reduce |
D．develop or train |
3. From the study, we know that .
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A．the level of cortisol determines how stressed a person is |
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B．the 61 girls were divided into two groups in the research |
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C．the recent study had the same results as the previous one |
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D．watching a video is the best way to reduce one’s stress |
4.From the last paragraph, we can conclude that .
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A．text messaging has the same effect on oxytocin release as telephoning |
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B．the effect of a mother's voice on oxytocin in animals is still not known |
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C．the effect of communication on stress is unique to humans |
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D．the research has been applied to social behavior and evolutionary biology |
It may not be news to parents of teenage girls, but researchers have confirmed that no one can stop their 16-year-old daughter from deciding how the family spends its money.
The willpower and determination of teenage girls give them a big say in how a family’s money is spent on everything from food and meals to mobile phones, and, of course, clothes. Teenage boys did not show up at all in the analysis, which was designed to find out the influence of young people on household spending.
The findings on the spending power of teenage girls were calculated from Office for National Statistics records of family spending during the 1980s and 1990s. Researchers examined how much money went on services and leisure goods in different kinds of homes. They checked spending on food, restaurant meals, alcohol, tobacco, services, heating, transport, clothes and sports in 2,745 British families.
They found that teenage girls in the UK typically played an active role in family decisions about the allocation（分配）of household resources. But older children— those over the age of 21 who are still living with their parents—appear to have no say in household decisions.
They also tried to calculate to what extent the bargaining power of a teenager affected family budgets. “Every parent knows that children, even at a very early age, have their own preferences with regard to consumption, researchers said. “But children are only interested in a limited range of goods—mainly sweets and toys—and parents are able to use punishment to reduce their children’s bargaining power or remove it.” When they become teenagers, however, girls are much more independent and they are capable of earning their own money, which improves their bargaining power in family decisions.
The researchers could not explain why girls have more influence over spending while the evidence for boys is much less conclusive. However, this study could be of great significance to market research and how marketers target children.
1. From the passage we can learn that .
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A．teenage girls have more influence over family budgets than teenage boys |
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B．teenage boys don't want to decide on household spending |
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C．teenage boys have some influence over household |
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D．teenage girls have weaker willpower and determination than teenage boys |
2.What does the underlined part “give them a big say” in the second paragraph mean?
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A．Make them dare to say something. |
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B．Make them want to know. |
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C．Make them say something meaningful. |
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D．Make their influence stronger. |
3.It appears that household decisions are NOT affected by .
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A．girls living with parents |
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B．girls over 21 |
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C．girls over 12 |
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D．girls living alone |
4.How can parents reduce children’s bargaining power?
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A．By persuading them |
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B．By offering them sweets or toys. |
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C．By threatening to punish them. |
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D．By allocating household resources. |