Question

After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report. The damage and death toll (伤亡) could have been much worse. 　　More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims. 　　Injures and deaths were relatively less in Los Angles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more resistant (有抵抗力的) to quakes. 　　Despite the good news, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints (蓝图的) for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. 　　In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible (柔韧的) materials, such as steel and wood, which bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact (影响) of ground vibrations (颤动). The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the buildings tip forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. 　　The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes. 1. One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that ____. 　　A. new computers had been installed in the buildings 　　B. occurred in the residential areas (居民区) rather than on the highways 　　C. large numbers of Los Angeles residents had rushed into Los Angeles for holiday 　　D. improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways 2. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to ____. 　　A. counterbalance an earthquake’s action on the building 　　B. predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy 　　C. help strengthen the foundation of the building 　　D. measure the impact of an earthquake’s vibrations 3. The smart buildings discussed in the passage ____. 　　A. would cause serious financial problems 　　B. would be worthwhile though costly 　　C. would increase the complexity of architectural design 　　D. can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes 4. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing (最小化) the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on ____. 　　A. the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction 　　B. the development of flexible building materials 　　C. the reduction of the impact of ground vibrations 　　D. early forecasts of earthquakes 5. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ____. 　　A. compare the results of the earthquakes that occurred in the US 　　B. encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers 　　C. outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materials 　　D. report new developments in constructing quake-resistant building

 

Answer 1

1—5 DABCD

 

1. 本题为推理判断题。由第三段第二句可知该城市的建筑和公路等增加了对地震的抵抗力，从而导致死亡人数的下降。 2. 本题为推理判断题。由短文第五段最后一句“When the ground shakes and the buildings tip forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.”可知电脑的功能不是为准确预报地震的来临、加固建筑物的根基和测量地震结果，而是为了平衡地震对建筑物的作用。因此答案为A。 3. 本题为细节考查题。短文最后一段告诉我们这种新型的智能性建筑虽然造价高，但可以拯救很多人的生命等，从而得出答案B。 4. 本题为推理判断题。本题判断正确答案的依据为第五段第二句话。 5. 本题为主旨大意题。选项A只是涉及到文章的一个方面，故排除；选项B、C涉及的内容，包含了文中未提到内容，故排除。只有D项恰当地概括了文章的大意：报道建造抗震建筑的新发展。