题目内容

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological(生物学的) basis to their preferences(偏爱).
Psychologists Dr. Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants(婴儿) aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization(社会化). Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts(本能), while girls prefer warmer colours such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”
【小题1】Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because__________.    

A.baby boys are much more active
B.baby girls like bright colours more
C.there is a natural difference between them
D.their parents treat them differently
【小题2】What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A.Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.
B.Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.
C.Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.
D.The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.
【小题3】What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?
A.Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.
B.Adults purposely(故意地) influence their babies preference.
C.Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.
D.Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.
【小题4】We may read this article in a_________ section of a newspaper.
A.healthB.scienceC.educationD.entertainment


【小题1】C
【小题2】D
【小题3】A
【小题4】B

解析试题分析:本文讲述的是在男孩和女孩之间存在着天然的差异,这种差异是不以环境年龄的变化而变化的。
【小题1】C 细节题。根据文章第一段2,3行The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological(生物学的) basis to their preferences(偏爱).可知在男孩和女孩之间存在着自然的差异。故C正确。
【小题2】D 推断题。根据文章第三段前4行Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched.可知孩子的年龄越大,表现出的偏向就越明显。故D正确。
【小题3】A 推理题。根据文章最后2段There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.和There could be a biological basis for their choices. 可知孩子的偏爱是天生的,是不受别人影响的。故A正确。
【小题4】B 推理题。本文讲述的是男孩和女孩在所喜欢的物体之间存在的差异,这属于科普类的话题,故B正确。
考点:考察科普类短文阅读
点评:本文讲述的是在男孩和女孩之间存在着天然的差异,这种差异是不以环境年龄的变化而变化的。
科普类短文中对学生的推理能力,推测下文题应通过对文字表面的认识,把握住推理范围,利用相关部分提供的事实、背景知识和自己固有的综合知识,保持正确的思维过程和遵循严格的逻辑规律,做出正确的推断。还需要把上下文的意思联系起来,弄懂前后句之间的逻辑关系。同时也要注意句子间或段落间的上下过渡,或呼应的承接词语的作用,包括连接词、某些副词及介词短语等等。这些承接词语往往被用来表示主题思想与辅助论点之间、辅助论点本身之间的联系。我们可把它们看作信号词,对我们的思维起着指示方向的作用。借助它们的提示,才可以准确地分析句子结构和段落结构,分清层次,确定文章的主题思想和细节等等,然后推测出在这篇短文之后再需写什么与上文有关的内容。

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相关题目

When women sit together to watch a movie on TV, they usually talk simultaneously(同时的)about a variety of subjects, including children, men, careers and what' s happening in their lives. When groups of men and women watch a movie together, the men usually end up telling the women to shut up. Men can either talk or watch the screen -- they can' t do both -- and they don' t understand that women can. Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships -- not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen.
During the ad breaks, a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going. He is unable, unlike women, to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally. Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group,  they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships. For a woman, speech continues to have such a clear purpose: to build relationships and make friends. For men, to talk is to relate the facts.
Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people, but a woman sees it as a means of bonding. A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and, when she returns home, telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours.
There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning, the fact that girls' mothers talked them more, is the reason why girls talk more than boys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, author Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition, conducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at, baby girls more often than baby boys. Scientific evidence shows parents res the brain bias of their children. Since a girl' s brain is better organized to send and receive speech ,
we therefore talk to them more. Consequently, mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply.
56.While watching TV with others, women Usually talk a lot because they
A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends
B. can both talk and watch the screen at the Same time
C. think they can have a good time and develop relationships
D. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands
57. After a vacation with her girlfriend, a woman would talk to her again on the phone for hours in order to              .
A. experience the happy time again    B. keep a close tie with her
C. recommend her a new scenic spot   D. remind her of something forgotten
58. What does the author want to tell us most?
A. Women' s brains are better organized for language and communication
B. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men.
C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts.
D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking.
59. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Women Are Socially Trained to Talk          B. Talking Maintains Relationships
C, Women Love to Talk                     D. Men Talk Differently from Women

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl(爬), while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.
Psychologists Dr. Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were typically boys' toys: a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy. The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more suitable for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
Dr. Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts(本能), while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby.”
【小题1】Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because         

A.baby boys are much more active
B.baby girls like bright colors more
C.there is a natural difference between them
D.their parents treat them differently
【小题2】What can we infer from Paragraph 3 ?
A.Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.
B.Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.
C.Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.
D.The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.
【小题3】Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with _________ according to the study.
A.a teddyB.a carC.a dollD.a ball
【小题4】We may read this article in a        section of a newspaper.
A.healthB.scienceC.cultureD.entertainment

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.

Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 babies aged 9 months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were typically boys’ toys ---- a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy. The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys;and could pick whichever toy they liked their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.

Of the youngest children (9 to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.

Dr Brenda Todd said, “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer: moving objects, probably through hunting instincts(本能), while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”                                

1.Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because ________.

A.baby boys are much more active

B.baby girls like bright colours more

C.their parents treat them differently

D.there is a natural difference between them

2.Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with ________ according to the study.

A.a ball

B.a teddy

C.a car

D.a doll

3.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A.Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.

B.Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.

C.The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.

D.Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.

4.What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?

A.Adults purposely influence their babies’ preference.

B.Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.

C.Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.

D.Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.

 

When women sit together to watch a movie on TV, they usually talk simultaneously(同时的)about a variety of subjects, including children, men, careers and what' s happening in their lives. When groups of men and women watch a movie together, the men usually end up telling the women to shut up. Men can either talk or watch the screen -- they can' t do both -- and they don' t understand that women can. Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships -- not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen.

During the ad breaks, a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going. He is unable, unlike women, to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally. Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group, they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships. For a woman, speech continues to have such a clear purpose: to build relationships and make friends. For men, to talk is to relate the facts.

Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people, but a woman sees it as a means of bonding. A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and, when she returns home, telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours.

There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning, the fact that girls' mothers talked them more, is the reason why girls talk more than boys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, author of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition, conducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at, baby girls more often than baby boys. Scientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children. Since a girl’s brain is better organized to send and receive speech,we therefore talk to them more. Consequently, mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply.

 

1. While watching TV with others, women Usually talk a lot because they

A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends

B. can both talk and watch the screen at the Same time

C. think they can have a good time and develop relationships

D. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands

2.After a vacation with her girlfriend, a woman would talk to her again on the phone for hours in order to              .

A. experience the happy time again    B. keep a close tie with her

C. recommend her a new scenic spot   D. remind her of something forgotten

3.What does the author want to tell us most?

A. Women' s brains are better organized for language and communication

B. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men.

C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts.

D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking.

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Women Are Socially Trained to Talk      B. Talking Maintains Relationships

C. Women Love to Talk                  D. Men Talk Differently from Women

 

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