题目内容
People of my generally have made great __________(贡献)to the economic development of
our country.
contributions
Deep in the Amazon forest, thousands of people still live in isolation from the rest of the world.
In a recent press release, the Brazilian government confirmed the existence of another isolated tribe of about 200 people living in the Vale do Javari reservation. The 200 people living in the Vale do Javari reservation. The reservation, located near the Peruvian border, is about the size of Portugal. At least another 14 isolated tribes, with a total population of about 2000, call the area home.
The newly observed group lives on four large straw-roofed buildings and grows corn, peanut and other crops.
Brazil’s National Indian Foundation (BNTF) first noticed the reservation in the forest using satellite maps, but it wasn’t until April that an airplane expedition was able to confirm the tribe’s existence. “The work of finding and protecting isolated groups is part of Brazilian public policy,” said the BNIF officer for Vale do Javari, Fabricio Amorim. “To confirm something like this takes years of hard work.”
BNIF estimates there are 68 isolated tribes living in the Amazon. The organization uses airplanes to avoid disturbing the tribes through personal contact, but that doesn’t mean others are so respectful of their right to privacy.
Illegal fishing, woodcutting and hunting bring people into the protected area. Oil exploration on the Peruvian side of the border is another threat. All kinds of criminals also invade the lands of the local groups, said Amorim. The outsiders can damage the land and influence the cultures of indigenous(土著的)peoples. They can also bring diseases which can wipe out the whole population that still lack even basic antibiotics(抗生素).
Brazil’s indigenous peoples won the legal right to their traditional lands in Brazil’s 1988 Constitution, which stated that all indigenous lands shall be divided and turned over to tribes within five years. Indigenous groups now control 11 percent of Brazil’s territory, including 22 percent of the Amazon.
Allowing indigenous groups the right homelands is not just a matter of human rights. The rest of the world can benefit from their knowledge. Mark Plotkin has spent years living with the people of the Amazon and learning from their traditional healers. In his lecture, he pointed out that many useful materials and knowledge, including numerous drugs, can be gained from listening to the indigenous groups of the Amazon. Besides this, they are also more effective at protecting the land, and less expensive, than hired rangers(护林人).
1.The underlined word in the first paragraph probably means “a state of ”.
A.separation |
B.interaction |
C.satisfaction |
D.excitement |
2.From the passage we can learn that the tribes in the Amazon forest .
A.only live on a reservation designated for them |
B.prefer straw-roofed buildings to wooden ones |
C.keep contact with the outside world through airplanes |
D.have the legal right to the land they live on |
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to Amorim?
A.Privacy violation is common among the Amazon tribes. |
B.The laws dividing the lands of the tribes are far from enough. |
C.Modern civilization endangers the tribes and their cultures. |
D.It is hard to make public policy to protect primitive tribes. |
4.The last paragraph is mainly about .
A.the lost human rights of the indigenous peoples |
B.the benefits of protecting the primitive tribes |
C.the value of traditional healing |
D.the indigenous peoples as guardians of the Amazon forest |
We’ve heard about radiation from the damaged nuclear reactors in Japan reaching American shores. Experts say so far there is no reason to worry, and point out that we meet radiation every day. Where and how? NPR’s Renee Montagne posed that question to Peter Caracappa, a radiation safety officer and professor of nuclear engineering.
MONTAGNE: How many things emit radiation?
Dr CARACAPPA: Well, radiation and radioactive material is a part of nature. So everything that’s living has some amount of radiation coming from it—a very small amout. Plus there’s radiation in the ground and the air.
So the extremes are uranium in the soil to bananas?
Yes.
By the way, why do bananas have radiation?
Bananas have a lot of potassium(钾). And a small amount of potassium naturally is called potassium 40, which is radioactive
What’s the difference between radiation that’s harmful and not harmful?
Well, the term radiation can apply to a lot of different things. But the harmful radiation is ionizing(离子)radiation. It has enough energy that it can make chemical changes in material. We could get ionizing radiation from an X-ray, for example. It’s the kind of radiation that causes cancer.
The broader definition of radiation includes a lot of things that we call non-ionizing radiation. That includes everything like radio waves and visible light and your microwave.
So what then is the largest contributor of ionizing radiation?
For the natural sources of ionizing radiation, actually the biggest chunk of that tends to come from radon(氡), which is a radioactive material that is present in the air. It can become a concern when it builds up in low-lying areas of homes like basements.
Would it be fair to say that most people do not need to worry about the danger of being exposed to radiation?
I would say that the everyday exposure to radioation that we meet contributes an extremely tiny risk to our life or to our health compared to all of the other risks that we meet in our day-to-day life.
1.We can infer from the first paragraph that radiation is______.
A.rare |
B.powerful |
C.dangerous |
D.common |
2.The passage may be _______.
A.an interview |
B.an argument |
C.a talk show program |
D.a science report |
3.Whether radiation is harmful or not depends on______.
A.whether it has a small amount of potassium |
B.whether it changes chemical in materials. |
C.whether it has energy to change materials |
D.whether it is visible in life |
4.The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.
A.advise on how to protect us from radiation |
B.analyze what causes radiation in daily life |
C.warn people of the danger of radiation |
D.expect people not to fear everyday radiation |