When the Spanish first brought chocolate back to Europe, it was still being served as a drink, but soon went through an important change: the chili pepperwas replaced by sugar. The new sweetened choco 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

When the Spanish first brought chocolate back to Europe, it was still being served as a drink, but soon went through an important change: the chili pepper（红辣椒）was replaced by sugar. The new sweetened chocolate drink was so expensive that few could afford, but by the 17th century the drink was common among European noblemen. In England, which was somewhat more equality favored than the rest of Europe, chocolate was more widely available. Those who could afford it could enjoy chocolate drinks in the new coffee and chocolate houses of London.

As cacao（可可树）became more commonly available, people began experimenting with new ways of using it. Chocolate began to appear in cakes and other foods. But it wasn’t until 1828 that the “modern era” of chocolate making and production began.

The introduction of cocoa powder not only made creating chocolate drinks much easier, but also made it possible to combine chocolate with sugar and then remix it with cocoa butter to creat a solid. Others began to build on Van Houten’s success ,experimenting to make new chocolate products. In 1849, English chocolate maker Joseph Storrs Fry produced what was the world’s first eating chocolate.

Today, the Swiss are famous for their chocolate, and rightly so. In the late 19th century, they developed a number of processes that contributed greatly to creating the solid chocolate candy that we all enjoy today. Two major developments occurred in 1879. First, Daniel Peter, a Swiss chocolate producer, had the idea of using powdered milk（invented by Swiss Chemist Henri Nestle in 1867） to make a new kind of chocolate, milk chocolate. Second, Rudolph Lindt invented a process called “conching. ” which greatly improved the quality of chocolate candy by making it more mixable.

1．Before beings brought into Europe by Spanish, chocolate was .

A．a sweet candy B．a spicy（辣的）drink

C．a sweet drink D．a spicy candy

2．The passage mainly discusses the development of .

A．cacao B．chocolate drinks

C．chocolate candies D．chocolate houses

3．More people drank chocolate in England than in the rest of Europe in the 17th century because .

A．the English were richer B．the English liked sweets better

C．the English had more equal rights D．there were fewer noblemen in England

4．The milk chocolate was invented in .

A．1828 B．1849 C．1867 D．1878

5．What information will most probably be provided following the last paragraph?

A．Chocolate products and new chocolate making techniques in the 20th century.

B．The popularity of Swiss chocolate.

C．The exploration of market possibilities of chocolate products in the 19th century.

D．Other uses of cocoa powder.

BCCDA

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Here’s an amazing way to get a hard-boiled egg into a bottle, even though the mouth of the boiled is smaller than the egg! What’s more, you don’t even need to touch the egg to get it to go in!

For this experiment you will need:

·a hard-boiled egg

·a glass bottle with a mouth just slightly smaller than the egg (a fruit-drink bottle works well)

·a 8-cm by 8-cm(3-inch by 3-inch)piece of newspaper

·a match

Remove the shell from the egg. Set the egg on the mouth of the bottle to see that the egg does not fit through the mouth.

Light the paper. Remove the egg from the mouth of the bottle and drop the burning paper into the bottle. Before the fire goes out, set the egg back onto the mouth of the bottle. Within a few seconds the egg will squeeze(挤) through the mouth and into the bottle.

As it entered the bottle, the egg may have broken into pieces. This happens when the diameter(直径) of the egg is more than about 0.5 cm(about 3/16 inch) larger than the diameter of the bottle’s opening.

Why does the egg slide into the bottle, even though no one is pushing it? Because the pressure of the air is pushing it. Before the burning paper is put into the bottle, the pressure of the air inside is the same as outside. The burning paper, however, heats the air inside. This causes the air inside to expand. When the egg is placed on top of the bottle, it seals(封住) the bottle. When the fire goes out, the air inside cools. As it cools, the air contracts(紧缩), and the pressure of the air inside becomes less than the pressure outside. Then, the higher outside pressure pushes the egg into the bottle!

The best title of this passage can be .

A. An interesting story B. The pressure of the air

C. Egg in a bottle D. Egg, bottle and match

What don’t you need in this experiment?

A. Eggs. B. Water. C. Bottles. D. Paper.

Why will the egg break into pieces while entering the bottle?

A. Because of the burning paper.

B. Because the diameter of the egg is too larger than that of the bottles opening.

C. Because it is cool inside the bottle.

D. Because the pressure of the air inside is larger.

What is the most important to get the egg into a bottle?

A. A match. B. A fruit-drink bottle. C. The pressure of the air. D. The burning paper.

Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural ”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.

One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for hog producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.

Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots will make startling changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.

Which sentence carries the main idea of the whole passage?

A. The first sentence of the first paragraph.

B. The first sentence of the second paragraph.

C. The first sentence of the third paragraph.

D. The last sentence of the second paragraph.

According to the passage, computers can not help farmers decide _______.

A. how much money they can earn from their products

B. whether to plant a certain kind of crop

C. what livestock to raise

D. when to sell their products

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers.

B. Both computers and robots have been in use on today’s farms.

C. Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.

D. Students at agricultural colleges must take computer classes because they can do nothing without the help of computers on today’s farms.

What is the best title for the whole passage?

A. Computer, Farmers’ Best Friend

B. Farmers in The Future

C. The Agricultural Revolution

D. Computers and Robots

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

This year some twenty-three hundred teenagers(young people aged from13~19)from all over the world will spend about ten months in U.S. homes. They will attend U.S. schools, meet U.S. teenagers, and form impressions of the real America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.

Here is a two-way student exchange in action. Fred, nineteen, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in America.

Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months’ study the language began to come to him. School was completely different from what he had expected—much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were almost no outside activities.

Family life, too, was different. The father’s word was law, and all activities were around the family rather than the individual. Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.

“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon learn to like it.”

At the same time, in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. “I suppose I should criticize(批评)American schools,” he said. “It is far too easy by our level. But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe your schools are better in training for citizens. There ought to be some middle ground between the two.”

This year ________teenagers will take part in the exchange programme between America and other countries.

twenty-three hundred

thirteen hundred

over three thousand

less than two thousand

The whole exchange programme is mainly to__________.

help teenagers in other countries know the real America

send students in America to travel in Germany

let students learn something about other countries

have teenagers learn new languages

Fred and Mike agree that__________.

America food tasted better than German food

German schools were harder than American schools

Americans and Germans were both friendly

There were more cars on the streets in America

What is particular in American schools is that________.

there is some middle ground between the two teaching buildings

there are a lot of after-school activities

students usually take fourteen subjects in all

students go outside to enjoy themselves in a car

While football fans feel strongly angry and shocked about mistakes made by referees (裁判) because they cannot see clearly what has happened, a small German company is quietly pleased.

For Carlos Technologies, mistakes made by referees are the kind of advertising that money cannot buy. The company has developed a tiny chip(芯片) that fits inside a football and determines whether the ball has crossed the goal line, by being able to discover its exact location on the field. The world football organization, FIFA, has shown interest in the technology. It is very possible that the new technology will be used in the 2006 World Cup in Germany.

"We've been testing the technology at the main soccer stadium in Nuremberg for some time and more recently in an under-17 FIFA Cup in Peru," said Gunter Rohmer, a director of the company. "The technology has performed well, and we're pretty optimistic that it will be used at the games in Germany next year."

The chip only weighs 12 grams, and is placed in the center of the football. It sends 2,000 signals a second to a receiver network of 12 antennas(天线),placed around the field. The receivers then send information about the ball's location to a central computer, and because it works in real time, it can immediately tell the referee whether a goal has been scored. The chip even can tell when the ball crosses the line in mid-air. Oliver Braun, one of the inventors of the chip, says that feedback from German referees was generally positive. Germany sports-wear giant Adidas is also optimistic about using this kind of chip in other ball sports.

FIFA aims to test the technology later this year at another game in Japan before deciding whether or not to introduce it in all 12 stadiums in Germany for next year's World Cup.

Carlos Technologies is pleased because ________.

A. football fans are angry with referees

B. their new product can satisfy football fans

C. their new product will have a good market

D. they can sell a lot of football in the future

In the first sentence in Paragraph 2,"... mistakes made by referees are the kind of advertising that money cannot buy" means ___________.

A. Carlos Technologies can't afford the high price for advertising their product

B. Mistakes in production are also a kind of advertisement

C. Carlos Technologies has already spent a lot of money on advertising their product

D. Referees' mistakes will be of great help for the sale of Carlos Technologies' new product

The underlined word "feedback" probably means ___________.

A. information given back by a user B. advice given by someone

C. supplying food to customers D. food given back by consumers

The new product has drawn attention from some _________.

A. famous people B. referees C. big companies D. countries

According to legend, the Bridge of Sighs in Venice, Italy, which connects the Palazzo Ducale to an ancient prison, got its name because the walk across it gave prisoners on their way to jail a final chance to appreciate the beauty of the city.

The view from the bridge today, however, is more likely to be of a giant billboard selling Bulgari or Coca – cola. Beyond the billboards, monuments are being restored. The money comes from advertising profits.

But when the Coke billboards went up this summer on buildings near the Piazza San Marco, which is at the historic heart of Venice, there was a public debate.

“We can’t commercialize everything,” said Alessandra Mottola Molfino, a Venetian. “The lesson that goes out is that a price is for everything.”

“We couldn’t stay quiet,” said Maria Camilla Bianchini d’Alberigo, president of a heritage protection association. “Too much is too much.”

There needed to be rules, she added, rules that prevent the advertising billboards clashing (冲突) with the monuments of the city.

City of officials, however, argue that without these ads, the city could not afford to maintain its heritage. Many have been damaged by centuries of wear and are even a threat to public safety.

“I can’t turn down the image of bottle when there are pieces of the Palazzo Ducale falling to the ground,” said Renata Codello, a Cultrue Ministry official.

The Culture Minister has a budget of about $ 47 million (315 million yuan) for restoration of monuments, but Italy has a rich architectural heritage, and funds are always tight．Of that amount,

$ 1.8 million was given to the entire Vector region, which includes Venice．

Two years ago, the city signed an agreement with the Dotter Group, a company responsible for the restoration of the Bridge of Sighs and the Palazzo Ducale．It allows it to sell ad space．

But there is a condition in the agreement: The ads should not offend public taste,

In August, Venice banned US actress Julianne Moore's Bulgrari ad from a billboard in the Piazza San Marco．

The photo shows a naked Moore covered with lion cubs, handbags and jewelry, Mayor Giorgio Orsoni called the image too racy (猥亵) and unsuitable for the Piazza San Marco．

"I take account of the fact that Venice is part of the real world… but we cannot accept these Hollywood-style images．There arc intelligent sponsors, and we need to come up with advertising that suits Venice, not Times Square," he said in a speech．

The article is mainly about in Venice

A．restoration of cultural heritage

B．widespread commercialization

C．the conflict between ads and cultural heritage

D．the difficulty of restoring monuments

In the first paragraph, the beautiful view from the Bridge of Sighs is mentioned to .

A．introduce other monuments of the ancient city

B．show how much many ancient structures need restoring

C．indicate that the view is blocked by huge ads

D．create interest in the famous city

From the article we can conclude that Rcnata Codello the advertising．

A．is in favor of B．is worried about

C．objects to D．doesn't mind

Why do many Venetians complain about the ads?

A．They are intolerant of commercialization．

B．They feel the ads are damaging the city．

C．The ads are usually racy and in an American style．

D．The ads don't present a traditional view of Venice,

It can be inferred from the passage that

A．Hollywood stars' ads cannot go up in Venice

B．the mayor of Venice is expecting new advertising

C．the Dotter Group may stop its restoration work for lack of funds

D．people can buy Bulgaria or Coca-cola on the Bridge of Sighs

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