题目内容

He admitted that he had tried to _____ the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney.

A. break in B. break down

C. break into D. break out

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Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere; they just can’t be easily accessed.

Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer’s. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting (发光) equipment into the subjects’ brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.

“The important point is that this is evidence of concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. It’s a matter of how to get it back,” said senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.

The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’s and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock. All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later. When placed in the room a third time several days later, the Alzheimer’s mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.

The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating (激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.

“Short-term memory seems to be normal, on the order of hours. But for long-term memory, these early-Alzheimer’s mice seem to be damaged,” said lead researcher Dheeraj Roy. “Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that they’re unable to learn or store this memory.”

1.What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?

A. They are the pioneers of brain research.

B. They have used the method in human trials.

C. They can cure Alzheimer’s using the new method.

D. They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer’s.

2.Why did the Alzheimer’s mice behave normally a third time?

A. They failed to remember the electric shock.

B. They were accustomed to the situation.

C. They managed to overcome the fear.

D. They activated the association.

3.For long-term memory, the early Alzheimer’s mice _______.

A. can activate their blood cells

B. can’t learn new tricks well

C. can easily get back their memory

D. can’t access the information stored

4.The main purpose of the text is to _______.

A. introduce a method of a research

B. report the latest discovery about a disease

C. give advice on how to improve memory

D. explain how our brain stores information

Imagine that you’re an actor or actress performing in a play for the first time. You’ve learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering. Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. 1.The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.

If you’ve experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. It’s one of the most common types of fear. 2.You can experience this kind of fear when playing sports, giving a talk, or even speaking in class.

3.The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs on each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies’ “fight for flight” reaction. As a result, we feel the great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race and knees shake.

4.Practicing your performance and following some simple tips can help you calm down and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. Firstly, dress comfortably and appropriately. Secondly, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Thirdly, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine(咖啡因). 5.Instead, try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people rather than the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears.

A. These might make your heart race even faster.

B. Maybe you don’t have to be onstage to get stage fright.

C. Stage fright is really part of the body’s reaction to stress.

D. With practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports.

E. Then you try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out.

F. There’s a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping onstage.

G. However, the good news about stage fright is that there are a way to deal with it.

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, king of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit(优点) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

1.The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment

B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

C. they considered bathing as cause of skin disease

D. They believed disease could be spread in public baths

2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?

A. Curious B. Afraid C. Approving D. Uninterested

3.How does the passage mainly develop?

A. By following the order of time. B. By making comparison.

C. By providing examples D. By following the order of importance.

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passages?

A. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To present the change of views on dirt.

D. To stress the role of dirt.

He had to take the medicine three times a day, so as to be _____ the pain in the leg.

A. far from B. away from C. apart from D. free from

The seriously __________ people in the car crash were taken to hospital to be treated.

A. injuring B. wounded C. hurt D. injured

The other day we went on a trip to our community’s new fountain(喷泉). My oldest daughter, Anne, was very____ and eagerly explored the attractions. There I was happy to see Lily, who was of Anne’s age. They didn’t know each other well, ____ they had met before. I was ____ that Anne would have someone to enjoy the ____with. However, my daughter was about to ____ an important lesson.

　　I watched Anne run ___ after Lily and her other friends. I was saying something to my husband when I heard a loud ＂No!＂. I turned to see Anne’s face full of ____ as Lily ___. I went over to see what had happened and Anne said Lily didn’t want to ____ with her. Thinking that there must be a(n) ____, I told Anne she should just ask Lily ____ if she could play with her. Generally speaking, this would ____. But Anne’s quiet request to play was refused by another loud ＂No!＂.

　　I gave her a(n) ____ and told her it was ____, and that Mommy, Daddy and her little sister would play with her. Later that day, she asked me why Lily didn’t ____ her.

I said not everyone wanted to play with us and that if one person didn’t want to be ____ you, that didn’t mean you were not ____ by others. I thought I had ____ it clearly. She didn’t mention it any more and I haven’t seen any lasting side effects. However, I can’t ____ it. I don’t think I’ll ever get rid of the memory of her ____ at that moment. My heart has been forever wounded for her.

1.A. shocked B. worried C. excited D. satisfied

2.A. but B. so C. if D. because

3.A. curious B. glad C. proud D. afraid

4.A. water B. meal C. toy D. trip

5.A. give B. show C. review D. learn

6.A. sadly B. badly C. happily D. safely

7.A. joy B. smile C. fear D. disappointment

8.A. ran off B. sat down C. broke in D. looked around

9.A. share B. play C. discuss D. meet

10.A. decision B. interest C. misunderstanding D. event

11.A. quickly B. constantly C. shyly D. nicely

12.A. advance B. come C. work D. start

13.A. hug B. award C. letter D. ticket

14.A. suitable B. okay C. obvious D. lucky

15.A. do with B. deal with C. work with D. play with

16.A. against B. beyond C. around D. behind

17.A. loved B. praised C. doubted D. ignored

18.A. reported B. explained C. prepared D. proved

19.A. observe B. believe C. change D. forget

20.A. quarrel B. face C. illness D. mistake

William Franklin came to my class half a year ago.But from his first day here,he_______himself in his own world and he never spoke to others.As his teacher,I tried to start a talk with him but_______.It seemed as if he just didn't want to break his_______. 

After the Thanksgiving holiday,we received the news of the_______Christmas collection of money for the_______ in our school."Christmas is a season of_______,"I told my students."Some poor students in our school might not have a_______holiday.By giving a little money,you will help_______some toys,food and clothing for these needy students.We will_______the collection tomorrow."  The next morning,________,I found out almost everyone had________this matter except Willard Franklin.He came up to my desk with his head down.________,he dropped two coins into the small box."I don't need milk for lunch,"he said in a________voice.  After school I couldn't help sharing what had________in the morning with our headmaster."I may be wrong,but I________Willard might be ready to become part of our class.""I am________to hear that," he nodded."And I just received a list of the poor families in our school who most need________.Here,take a look at it."  As I sat down to________,I found Willard Franklin was at the top of the list.At that moment,I felt I really________Willard for the first time:a cold face with a warm heart.From this________,I also learnt that whether rich or poor,every child has a kind heart.

1.A. tied B. shut C. seated D. taught

2.A. failed B. stopped C. misunderstood D. left

3.A. imagination B. pleasure C. sadness D. silence

4.A. weekly B. daily C. monthly D. yearly

5.A. young B. sick C. poor D. honest

6.A. giving B. enjoying C. receiving D. saving

7.A. true B. happy C. usual D. long

8.A. find B. make C. buy D. collect

9.A. prepare B. finish C. start D. continue

10.A. so B. however C. then D. moreover

11.A. forgotten B. discussed C. learnt D. remembered

12.A. Quickly B. Suddenly C. Certainly D. Carefully

13.A. soft B. loud C. low D. deep

14.A. appeared B. arrived C. happened D. remained

15.A. hope B. wish C. wonder D. believe

16.A. glad B. sorry C. shocked D. lucky

17.A. message B. report C. research D. list

18.A. rest B. read C. work D. study

19.A. knew B. liked C. met D. accepted

20.A. result B. experience C. talk D. success

I prefer to stay at home _______ go to see a film. (　　)

A. other than B. more than C. less than D. rather than

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