题目内容

Two 5-year-old girls, best friends, held hands in Tolson’s office at Van Ness Elementary School in Washington, D.C., one saying she didn’t feel well. Tolson, the school nurse, asked, “How long has your stomach been hurting?” “It just started,” she said.

The other one said her head hurt last night, too. Tolson knew she had a history of fevers, so she checked her temperature and asked her what she ate, whether she went to the bathroom, and whether her head still hurt. It could be that these two little girls that went to Tolson’s office were fine. Or maybe they had mental problems. And that is what school nurses have to judge every day.

School nurses generally get very little training when it comes to mental health. Mazyck said she herself was astounded when she was a school nurse. She saw upset, anxiety, sadness and students who didn’t even know what to do to calm themselves down. She never expected these. So Mazyck went back to school for a graduate degree in counseling (咨询) and now she focuses on getting nurses more training in mental health.

Sharon Stephan, who co-directs the National Center for School Mental Health at the University of Maryland, tells nurses there are two simple questions to ask themselves to see if a child needs help:

Is the student acting or behaving differently than he/she was before?

Is the student somehow far outside the norm (标准) of what you would expect?

The only time everyone pays attention is when there’s a tragedy(悲剧), like a school shooting. However, we actually can catch the students who might harm others and recognize the students who might want to kill themselves.

Mental health is ranked one of the top problems all school nurses deal with, and school nurses need to be better at it.

1.Why does the author mention the two little girls?

A. To show school nurses do a difficult job.

B. To show the importance of school nurses.

C. To show school nurses need much patience.

D. To show the importance of students’ health.

2.What does the underlined word “astounded” in the third paragraph mean?

A. Tired. B. Troubled.

C. Shocked. D. Embarrassed.

3.Why did Mazyck go back to school?

A. To give nurses more training in mental health.

B. To find school students with mental problems.

C. To learn what mental problems students may have.

D. To improve her skills of dealing with mental health.

4.What can we learn from the last but one paragraph?

A. There are too many kids in need of help.

B. Something tragic often happens at school.

C. Students’ mental health is always ignored.

D. It’s hard to find students with mental problems.

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How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments, mostly for entertainment purposes, is fair and respectful?

Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.

Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.

The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoo-chosis(圈禁性精神病). A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.

Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?

Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.

1.How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?

A. Easy B. Unhealthy

C. Unhappy D. Dangerous.

2.In the state of zoochosis, animals usually_________.

A. remain in cages B. behave strangely

C. attack other animals D. enjoy moving around

3.What point of view does the author hold according to the text?

A. Zoos are not worth the public support.

B. Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.

C. Zoos should treat animals as human beings.

D. Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.

4.What can we infer from the text?

A. It’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats

B. Visitors can learn a lot about animals after visiting the zoo

C. Zoos often pay much attention to the animals’ natural lifestyle

D. Zoos can earn some money from their captive breeding programs

A new smart phone system under development can locate you even when you’re inside a building, which GPS can't do. While the concept sounds powerful, it’s not yet clear how practical it might be.

The set-up, called SurroundSense, sends information from cameras and microphones—gear in the latest smart phones—to a server that produces a fingerprint of the location.

“You can’t tell much from any of the measurements individually, but when combined, the optical (光学的), acoustic (声学的) and motion information creates a unique fingerprint of the space,” said Ionut Constandache, a student in computer science.

The system distinguishes between two indoor spaces in this manner: It knows that a bar is likely to be dark and noisy and people move little, sit a lot, whereas a department store will be brightly lit, contain vibrant colors, and will see a lot of people moving up and down passages. The more the system is used, the more it learns about specific places.

More work is needed before the set-up would be ready for prime time, however. For now, it can’t work if a person’s cellphone is in a handbag or otherwise unable to employ the camera. Finally it would be best served if paired with phones that were worn on the wrist or hung around the neck. Batteries, too, are a problem.

Students on the research team went out across Durham, North Carolina, with their cellphones collecting data in different types of businesses. The students mirrored the actions of the selected customers so that they would not prejudice the measurements.

“We went to 51 different stores and found that SurroundSense achieved an average accuracy (精确性) of about 87 percent," Constandache said.

“As the system collects and analyzes more and more information about a particular site, the fingerprint becomes more precise,” said Romit Roy Choudhury, professor of computer engineering. “Not only is the ambience different at different locations, but also can be different at different time at the same location.”

1.We can infer from the first paragraph that GPS .

A. can find you wherever you are

B. can make too much loud noise

C. can only find outside things

D. isn’t really practical yet

2.Why did students mirror the actions of the selected customers?

A. To get a reasonable result.

B. To collect data in different ways.

C. To receive information about a particular site.

D. To learn more about specific places.

3.The underlined word “ambience” in the last paragraph may mean .

A. the fingerprint of the location

B. the character of a place

C. the existence of people

D. the area of store

4.The main idea of the passage is about .

A. comparing GPS with a smart cellphone

B. the development of cellphones

C. a cellphone knowing where you are

D. what kind of future cellphones face

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