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How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.

Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.

What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats, more American men followed his example.

There is also a cyclical(周期性的) pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.

Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.

At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous(失礼的) to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!

Fashion Change

People’s(71)    towards fashion

Ordinary people just (72)    the trends of fashion passively.

Influences of fashion

According to magazines and TV advertisements, people are able to (73)    __more confidently and with less  (74)___ if they fashionably dress themselves or wear a certain(75)____  style.

(76)    of fashion changing

Sometimes a fashion comes into           (77)___because of convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person.

Cyclical pattern in fashion

Some old fashion can come back to(78)_____ after a certain period of time.

Today’s fashion

Society emphasizes more on informality than on trends. You can dress up as you(79)______ .

Writer’s attitude

We do need to (80)____ourselves properly on some occasions but we can never catch up with the latest fashion.

Dear Abby,

I am a very conservative woman. I don’t drink, dance, wear makeups or pants. I enjoy the company of friends despite(尽管)our differences and thought they enjoyed mine.

On our most recent outing, however, they laughed at my religious jewelry, commented on my “lack of fashion,” and made me feel guilty for not wanting to stay out late.

Despite this, they are great friends and would help me at the drop of a hat. I don’t bring up their being overweight, or that I think some of the clothes they wear are ugly. I don’t criticize them for sleeping around. I wish they would accept me for who I am.

I am considering not going out with them the next time they ask, but I don’t really want it to come to that. Any suggestions?

—Just an Old-Fashioned Girl

??????????????????????????????_____________________________________________________________________

Dear Old-Fashioned Girl,

Just this: It’s time for you to start cultivating relationships with people whose values are more like your own. The friends you have described may be lovely, but their comments were out of line and folks are known by the company they keep. If you spend a lot of time with the women you have described, people will begin to make assumptions(臆断) about you.

                                                       —Abby

The underlined word “conservative” is closest in meaning to ________.

   A. beautiful    

B. old-fashioned       

C. overweight  

D. ordinary-looking

When did Old-fashioned Girl feel guilty?

   A. When her friends stayed out late.

   B. When she stayed out late with her friends. 

C. When she refused her friends’ request to stay out late.

   D. When her friends refused her to stay out late with them.

Which of the following could Old-fashioned Girl most possibly agree to?

   A. It is easier to forgive an enemy than to forgive a friend.

   B. Only your real friends will tell you when your face is dirty.

   C. The friend is the one who knows all about you, and still likes you. 

   D. True friendship comes when silence between two people is comfortable. 

According to Abby, it’s a good idea for Old-fashioned Girl to ________.

   A. talk with her friends                

B. understand her friends

   C. forgive her friends                  

D. break up with her friends

People living in the UK take quite a few holidays abroad and in the country each year. Choices made about where to go, how to get there and what to do can either benefit or harm the environment.

       While on holiday

       Many of the things you can do to the greener on holiday will be the same things you can do at home—but there are also some extra things too, like avoiding gifts made from endangered plants and animals. Here are some suggestions:

       ●Making the most of locally produced food and drink, and local activities and attractions will support people in the area you are visiting and reduce the need for further environmental influence from transport.

       ●Switching off any air conditioning, heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect.

       ●Save water—some countries suffer from water shortages and saving water can help avoid damage to our natural habitats(栖息地).

Endangered species(物种)

       Some gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals. Check before you buy, but if you doubt, avoid animal and plant gifts. More details of the types of products to avoid any illegal trade hotspots can be found on the Souvenir Alert webpage.

       Making a positive contribution to the place you are visiting.

       There are ways in which your holiday can help support local people and the environment.

       ●There are many opportunities to volunteer and help with projects that conserve and improve natural habitats.

       ●When you are away, or if you are looking for somewhere to visit, you can support projects or attractions which protect wildlife, such as nature reserves and conservation projects.

According to the passage, we can        to help reduce climate change effect.

A. make good use of water                 B. buy local food and drink

C. save electricity                        D. go around on foot

We should check the gifts and foods before buying because ______.

A. sometimes they are of poor quality

B. they may not be typical local products

C. some of them will do harm to our health

D. they may be made from endangered animals or plants

We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. it is not easy for people to travel abroad

B. not everyone can tell an illegal souvenir

C. green holidays have been accepted by people

D. volunteer work is a must for protecting natural habitats

The passage is mainly about ______.

A. travel enjoyment                   B. the harm to the environment

C. greener choices for holiday           D. protection of endangered animals

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