题目内容

阅读理解。
      Greenspace facilities (设施) are contributing to an important degree to the quality of the city
environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject
has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-proved
statement than on the base of a closely reasoned scientific proof. Recognizing the importance of
greenspaces in the city environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that
enough details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which people
are using these spaces. As to this subject I shall within the scope (范围) of this lecture, enter into one
aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities.  
     The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been
used in town and country planning, has in my opinion resulted in more attention for forms of recreation
far from home, while there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the
direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an
important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and
around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house.
The city environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to
be such that more required activities can also have recreative aspect.  
     The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if
the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets because the risks of traffic are too great, if during
shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only
feel yourself at home after the street door of your house is closed after you.  
1. The importance of greenspaces in the city environment _____.  
A. is still unknown                        
B. is paid little attention to  
C. is accepted on the base of scientific proof    
D. has been recognized
2. For many years town and country planning has _____.  
A. brought living areas and places of entertainment close together  
B. separated recreation facilities far from home  
C. improved recreative possibilities in the neighborhood  
D. enabled people to reach the best standard of living  
3. What does the writer recommend to create a better environment?
A. Providing a recreation place.        
B. Creating more separated greenspace
C. Owning greenspace facilities.      
D. Delivering a free service.
4. The word "recreation" in the passage probably means _____.
A. activities done for pleasure or enjoyment    
B. doing something again in a creative way  
C. doing something important after work      
D. required activities done after work  
5. According to the author, greenspaces should be designed _____.  
A. to reduce the number of recreative activities  
B. to attract more and more people  
C. for people to use more conveniently        
D. for people to do recreative activities at the street door of the house
6. The main idea of this passage is that _____.  
A. attention must be paid to the improvement of recreation  
B. greenspace facilities should be used better to improve the quality of life  
C. the city environment is providing more recreative activities  
D. we should try our best to raise our living standard  
1-6: DBAACB
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认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入恰当的单词。注意：每空一词。
     Many people believe they are supposed to drink eight glasses of water a day, or about two liters (升).
Why? Because that is the amount of water they have been told all their life. But a recent report offers some
different advice. Experts suggest people should obey their bodies: they should drink as much water as they
feel like drinking. The report says most healthy people meet their daily needs for liquid by letting thirst be
their guide.
     The report is from the Institute of Medicine, which provides scientific and technical advice to the
government and the public. The report contains some general suggestions. It says women should get about
2.7 liters of water daily and men about 3.7 liters. But wait-in each case, that is more than eight glasses.
     There is one important difference. The report does not tell people how many glasses of water are needed
to meet these guidelines. This is because the daily water requirement can include the water content in foods. 
     As you might expect, the Institute of Medicine says people need to drink more water when they are
physically active. The same is true of those who live in hot climates. Depending on heat and activity, people
could need twice as much water as others do.
                            How much water people should (1) _______ every day
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
                                                        Going soy is the way to go green
     In 1829, U.S. farmers grew soybeans (大豆) for the first time. In the late 1800s, lots of farmers began
to grow soybeans as food for cattle. In 1904, at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, George Washington
Carver began studying the soybean. His discoveries changed the way people thought about the soybean. No
longer was it just a crop for cattle； it provided valuable protein and oil. Now soybean oil is the most popular
source for an alternative fuel.
     Fueling diesel (柴油) engines with vegetable oil started with the inventor Rudolf Diesel. When Diesel
showed his engine at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris, it was running only on peanut oil, a kind of biodiesel.
According to the United Soybean Board, biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats.
     However, over the next 100 years, diesel fuel was made largely from petroleum (石油). Interest was
renewed in biodiesel in the mid-1970s when the energy shortage occurred, and gas prices surged upward
throughout the United States. In spite of these conditions, commercial production did not take place until much
later. In 1999, The National Biodiesel Board reported that 500 000 gallons per day were produced. In 2000,
production increased t0 6. 7 million gallons per day.
     With the continual rising costs of petroleum products in the new century, major corp orations and the
United States government have looked to new markets. Farmers are encouraged to grow soybeans in their
fields, as the demand for soybean fuel increases. They can now get several gallons of fuel per acre of soybean.
     Biodiesel is created by removing a thick liquid called glycerin from soybean oil. It is registered with the
US Environmental Protection Agency as a pure fuel, which is known as B100, or as a fuel additive, which is
called B20, a mixture of 20 percent soy and 80 percent petroleum-based diesel.
     There are many benefits of soybean fuel.
     Studies have shown that biodiesel from vegetable oil reduces petroleum consumption when used in place
of petroleum diesel.
     In addition, the use of biodiesel reduces CO2 in the earth's atmosphere. This is due to the fact that growing
soybeans consumes nearly four times as much CO2 as the amount of CO2 produced from biodiesel waste
gases.
     If you ever want to take a ride in a car or bus powered by soybeans, you can. The Agriculture Research
Center (ARS) National Visitor Center bus, which is used for Beltsville, Maryland farm tours, is running on
biodiesel fuel.
     ARS scientists are conducting biodiesel fuel research, and they are trying to find ways to make fuel from
vegetable oils, animal fats, and used restaurant oils.
     Biodiesel fuel costs more than regular diesel fuel. However, the price may drop if people use it more. We
can look to the future with the hope that clean fuel sources will continue to be widespread in the United States
and even around the world.
阅读下面短文 ,并根据短文后的要求答题 (请注意问的字数要求) 。
     [1] Hello. It's one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it's one of the last ones we think to use as
adults. That's unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello-it is recognition of another's
worth. How might the world change-how might we change-if we mastered this word? To find out, I spent
one month saying hello to every person I met. Here's what I've learned.
     [2] It can boost(促进) productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an
assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their
students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids' productivity. School went from
impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.
     [3 ] Environments influence friendliness. One study found that people in the city were less likely to shake
hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. And, researchers say, pleasant environments generally
encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similar. Whatever the reason,
my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the
Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying to work downtown.
     [4] It's a form of universal health insurance. It's impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has
been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar
effect in the recipient(接受者).
     [5] So maybe we can make the world a better place by ____. After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and
more connected and I have a better sense of well-being.
1. What does the author say about the adults according to paragraph 1? (within 8 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
   Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and
   scored higher in tests.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. ( within 5 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. ( within 8 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
阅读理解。
     Babies are born yogis. Once we were all able to pull our toes up by our ears and laugh about it. Then we aged, got injured, and began carrying stress in our shoulders and back. In short, we lost our balance.
Yoga (瑜伽) is an ancient practice that helps create a sense of union in body, mind, and spirit. It brings
us balance. I was seriously out of balance when I started practicing yoga in 1999. I had plantar fascitis in
both feet, and my doctor had warned me against all the things I loved to do: walking, hiking, and playing
tennis. I was desperate for exercise. Yoga became my salvation(救星) and even enhanced my other
fitness activities. I practice yoga at least twice a week, but I consider yoga to be part of my daily life
because after a while you no longer just practice yoga-you love it.
     Yoga becomes part of your physical life. Your body grows stronger, more toned, and more flexible
as you move from one pose to the other. I spent a week in Mexico at a yoga retreat, and it was the first
vacation on which I lost weight. "Rather than building muscle, yoga builds muscle tone," says Shakta Kaur Khalsa, author of the K.I.S.S. Guide to Yoga. "Because yoga helps maintain a balanced metabolism (新
陈代谢), it also helps to regulate weight. Additionally, yoga stretches muscles lengthwise, causing fat to
be removed around the cells." I do yoga poses throughout the day. After hours at my computer, I stretch my stiff shoulders and arms. When I need a boost of energy, I do energizing poses. When I am feeling
exhausted at the end of the day, I do restorative poses.
     Yoga becomes part of your mental life. Yoga teaches you to focus on breathing while you hold the
poses. This attention to breath is calming; it dissolves stress and anxiety. I use yogic breathing on the
tennis courts, in the dentist's chair, and in traffic jams. You should always leave a yoga practice feeling
energized, not tired. If you feel tired after yoga, it means you spent the time "fighting" yourself, trying to
force yourself into poses. In yoga, you "surrender" to the pose by letting go of the tension.
     Yoga becomes part of your spiritual life. Yoga is practiced by people from all religions; it is not
restricted to any religious group. Yoga teaches "right" living in how we deal with ourselves and others.
As I work on a difficult pose, I learn patience, forgiveness, and the value of gentleness. Yoga advocates
proper eating, but you don't have to be a vegetarian to practice yoga.
1. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. What Yoga is        
B. How I Do Yoga Poses  
C. The Benefits of Yoga  
D. The Varieties of Yoga
2. People feel tired after yoga because ________.
A. they consume energy in practicing yoga
B. they respond well to yoga poses
C. they spend too much time on yoga
D. they push themselves to do yoga poses
3. If this passage continues, what will the writer most probably write about in the next paragraph?
A. Yoga as a means to keep fit.
B. Different yoga poses.
C. Popularity of yoga all over the world.
D. Encouraging people to do yoga.
阅读理解。
                     The Key to Your Health
    A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work
for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can
keep your body grow strong to take care of what you eat.
    There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group
has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups
are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and
the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food
from all four main groups.  With all these food together, you will
be given enough energy during the day.
    It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your
breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time.  Or you may not have
time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to.  But you will find
yourself tired in these days and you can not think quickly.
    Watching what you eat will help your body remain healthy
and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you
eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air.  Having
a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
1. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?   
A. Corn,fish,cream and pork.
B. Eggs,tomatoes and chicken.
C. Milk,bread,cabbages and beef.
D. Rice,beancurd,pork,fish and chicken.
2. Which of the following is a good eating habit?  
A. Going to school without any breakfast.
B. Finishing your lunch in a very short time.
C. Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.
D. Having at least one food from all four groups in each meal.
4. In this passage the writer mainly tells us that ____.  
A. right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy
B. taking exercise can keep your body strong
C. every person needs food to grow well
D. enough energy helps people think more quickly
4. The underlined word " dairy" in the second paragraph means ____ .    
A. the shop that sells milk and butter
B. the food made out of cows such as milk and butter
C. a farm where cows are kept
D. a place where milk products are made
5. Which of the following is TRUE?    
A. It is easy to get into bad eating habits.
B. There are three main food groups altogether.
C. We needn't take some exercise.
D. It will help you eat less if you take a walk in the open air.
阅读理解。
     Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for
granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There
are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food ,get enough sleep,
and exercise regularly.
     Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it
receives the proper kind of “fuel”(燃料).Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat
plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质) ,like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are
very important because they provide necessary vitamins (维他命) and minerals. However, don't
over eat. It is not helpful to be overweight.
     Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel
tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little a amount of
sleep may even result in a change of personality (人的个性).Be sure to allow yourself from seven
to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your
mind will be sharp.
     Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles,and prevents
you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise
program, you will probably increase your life-span (寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most s
ports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running
and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and
interesting, too.
     If everybody, were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world
would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
1. According to the passage,_________.
A .we should eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
B. if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep
C. one can eat a lot to stay in good shape
D. one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy
2.In order to keep good health, ___________ .
A.we should eat a lot of sweets              
B.one needs a large amount of fat
C.people should eat according to the foods nutrition    
D. we must try to sleep now and then
3. Eating more and sleeping less________.
A. can keep healthy                
B. is no good for you
C. gets you more energy          
D. will keep your personality
4.The writer explains ________in this passage.
A. how to eat                         B. the importance of doing exercise
C. how to keep healthy             D. what to eat
5.The title of the article should be___________ .
A. Eating and Exercising          
B. How Vitamins Work in Man's Body
C. Staying Healthy                  
D. Sleeping Well
阅读理解。
     ●What prevents depression; tea, coffee or hot chocolate?
    Women who drink for or more cups of coffee a day are a fifth less likely to become depressed.
Drinking two or three cups reduces the risk by 15 percent. This is the result of a study of 51,000 women
over ten years, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association.
     One theory is that caffeine reduces the  effect of the chemical adenosine (腺苷) in the brain, which
can make us feel sleepy by slowing down nerve cell activity. Some anti-depressants also work by
blocking the adenosine receptors. Coffee was found to be far more influential on depression levels than
hot chocolate or tea due to the high caffeine content.
     ●How many eggs can we healthily eat: one a day or two a day?
     Neither-eat them freely. We've long been warned to stick to two or three eggs a week because of
their high cholesterol (胆固醇) content. But according to the Food Standards Agency, there is no
recommended limit to how many eggs we can healthily eat, unless you have been told to cut down by
your doctor.
     There is no evidence that eating eggs raises  cholesterol levels, and researchers found that eggs contain
less cholesterol than in the past because hens are no longer given bone meal, which was banned in the
1990s after the BSE (疯牛病) crisis.
     Research by the British Egg Council found that a medium egg gives you around 100 mg of cholesterol, a third of the 300mg recommended daily limit.
1. What is considered to fight depression best?
A. Tea.    
B. Chocolate.    
C. Adenosine.    
D. Coffee.
2. We can infer from the text that    __   . 
A. too much caffeine will probably make people sleepy
B. coffee contains less caffeine than tea or hot chocolate
C. one is depressed if his brain chemical adenosine is active
D. tea and hot chocolate have no effect on men's depression
3. What can we learn about eggs from the text? 
A. We should stick to two or three eggs a week in general.
B. Eat as many eggs as you like unless your doctor advises you not to.
C. Eggs contain more cholesterol at present than ever before.
D. One egg daily and you'll get more cholesterol than recommended.
阅读理解。
     In today's throw-away society, dealing with the city's growing mountain of waste is an increasing
challenge for the city council (市议会).
     Recently, Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of (处理) about 250,000 million tons of
waste a year. Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner - largely through
encouraging recycling-its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal
with it.
     The European Union (EU) has issued a new policy, regulating how such mountains of waste are to be
disposed of. The five councils ( Edinburgh, East Lothian, West Lothian, Midlothian and Borders ) face
fines around ￡18 million a year from 2013 if they don't increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill. With this in mind, the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧
厂) to burn half of the waste produced in their districts. But this plan fell apart after the change of target
levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the city's waste
should be disposed of in this way by 2025.
     After the plan was abandoned, a private company which already transported millions of tons of the
city's waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar, offered an alternative solution when it suggested
opening a huge waste site near Portobello.
Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015, it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh
Council to accept the suggestion. But soon they turned it down - after 700 local objections reached
them - because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily
populated areas.
     That still leaves the council with a problem. By 2013, only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be
allowed to be sent to landfill. Even if recycling targets are met, there will still be a large amount of
rubbish to be burnt up. Due to this, Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work
together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.
1. The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.
A. recycling   
B. restoring   
C. burying   
D. burning
2. The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ________.
A. reduce the cost of burying waste                
B. meet the EU requirements
C. speed up waste recycling                      
D. replace landfill sites
3. The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near
    Portobello because ________.
A. it came from a private company              
B. the council was not interested in it
C. it was not supported by EU                  
D. the local people were against it
4. What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian Councils?
A. To open a new landfill nearby.          
B. To close the Powderhall landfill in 2015.
C. To set up a plan for burning waste.      
D. To persuade people to deduce their waste.

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