Question

【题目】任务型阅读

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

High blood pressure is defined as 140 mmHg over 90 mmHg, and for years, doctors have used that measure as the threshold for prescribing anti-hypertensive drugs. But based on new recommendations, adults who are 60 or older can wait until their readings reach 150 over 90 or above to begin medication. After reviewing available evidence on the effects of blood pressure treatments, the Institute of Medicine’s Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) concluded that aggressive treatment can lead to lightheadedness, falls and fainting in elderly populations — so they advised loosening the guidelines for starting medication.

But days after the guidelines were published, heart experts raised concerns about how the advice would affect patients; inadequately controlled blood pressure is a risk factor for heart attack and stroke.

Members of the JNC8 who voted against the recommendations published an editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine outlining their reasons for opposing the change. “We, the panel minority, believed that evidence was insufficient to increase the target goal from its current level because increasing the goal may cause harm by increasing the risk for CVD（心血管疾病）and partially undoing the remarkable progress in reducing cardiovascular mortality in Americans older than 60,” they wrote.

Dr. Suzanne Steinbaum said she has not changed the way she treats her patients over 60. She says, “As a preventive cardiologist（心脏病学家）, these new guidelines have made me crazy. What we have learned is that blood pressure treatment even for a patient above 80 has been shown to be critical. It goes against everything we know as cardiologists.”

Defending the panel’s decision, Dr. Paul A. James, co-chairman of the guidelines committee, said in an email to TIME, “I can assure you that the panel discussed the opinions of the minority members on three different occasions and the majority were not persuaded that the expert skills of a few members should override the scientific evidence.”

James said that as with any medications, doctors will use the blood pressure recommendations as guidelines, and prescribe drugs based on their evaluation of each patient. “Medications prescribed by physicians all have the potential to be dangerous,” he wrote. “Educating doctors about the scientific evidence will help doctors make better decisions with patients. Physicians who practice on the basis of scientific evidence usually subscribe to simple rule — if the medicine cannot be shown to help the patient, then the medicine should not be prescribed.”

The editorial isn’t likely to change them any time soon. But the concerns should urge doctors to monitor their patients more closely and tailor medications and their doses more carefully.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】aggressive

【2】recommended

【3】Opposition

【4】risk

【5】lack

【6】unreasonable

【7】convincing

【8】educating

【9】rule

【10】careful/responsible

【解析】

试题分析：

【1】aggressive 原词再现。根据第一段倒数第二行aggressive treatment can lead to lightheadedness, falls and fainting in elderly populations可知本题应该使用形容词aggressive。

【2】recommended 词形转换。根据第一段第二句But based on new recommendations, adults who are 60 or older can wait until their readings reach 150 over 90 or above to begin medication.可知根据建议，年龄大的人高血压的标准有所不同。本句使用过去分词的形式表示被动。

【3】Opposition 总结归纳题。根据文章2、3段内容可知84、85、86均为与第一段内容的相反观点。故使用名词opposition。

【4】risk 同义句再现。根据文章第二段inadequately controlled blood pressure is a risk factor for heart attack and stroke.可知不恰当的血压控制对于心脏病和中风来说都是一个很危险的因素。

【5】lack 同义句转换。根据第三段第二句“We, the panel minority, believed that evidence was insufficient to increase the target goal from its current level可知人们认为针具是不充分的，也就是说缺少足够的证据。

【6】unreasonable 推理题。根据第四段第二句these new guidelines have made me crazy.可知他认为这样的指导是疯狂的，是不合理的。

【7】convincing 推理题。根据第五段最后一句the expert skills of a few members should override the scientific evidence可知他认为专业的技能不能无视科学证据，也就是火他认为科学证据更有说服力。

【8】educating 同义句转换。根据第六段第三行Educating doctors about the scientific evidence will help doctors make better decisions with patients.可知教育医生在线科学证据将会帮助医生做出更好的决定。也就是说教育医生是值得。所以使用be worth doing的结构。

【9】rule 原词再现。根据第六段最后一句Physicians who practice on the basis of scientific evidence usually subscribe to simple rule可知医生要遵守这样的简单规则。

【10】careful/responsible 词性转换。根据文章最后一段But the concerns should urge doctors to monitor their patients more closely and tailor medications and their doses more carefully.原句中使用副词carefully，表格里需要使用的是形容词careful。