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The Sculptor Speaks

Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimensions(ά¶È). That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve ¡¾1¡¿ of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are ¡®form-blind¡¯ than color-blind. Children learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for their personal safety and practical needs, they have to develop partly by ¡¾2¡¿ of touch, the ability to judge roughly three-dimensional distances. But after they ¡¾3¡¿ the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may ¡¾4¡¿ considerable accuracy in the perception(Öª¾õ£¬¸ÐÖª) of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to ¡¾5¡¿ form in its full spatial existence.

This is what the sculptor must do. He must ¡¾6¡¿ continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head¡ªhe thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely in the hollow of his hand. He ¡¾7¡¿ visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he will have to ¡¾8¡¿ himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; and he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.

And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as ¡¾9¡¿, not as description or reminiscence(»ØÒ䣬ÁªÏë). He must, for example, see an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the ¡¾10¡¿ idea that it will become a bird. And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms of combinations of several forms.

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ Addyson Moffitt is an 8-year-old from Kansas City, Missouri. Maurine Ghelagat is a 9-year-old from a village in Kenya called Bartabwa. It might not seem as if the girls have much in common, but when they met at a dinner two years ago. in Kansas City, they immediately hit it off.

¡°We had this one little red ball to play with,¡±Addyson told TIME for Kids. ¡°We didn't have any electronics or phones, no iPads or TV. It was just us playing.¡± Addyson and Maurine still keep in touch now.

The dinner was hosted by the nonprofit group World Vision International, which builds wells, pipelines, and rain catchers in communities where people find it hard to get clean water.Addyson, was at the dinner because her family supports World Vision. Maurine was there because her village had been without clean water. World Vision fixed that by building a water station there.

¡°People helped Maurine so she could have clean water, and kids are dying because they don't have it, "Addyson says. "I want to help.¡±

Races are one way World Vision raises money to pay for its water projects. Runners run a race, often a 26-mile marathon or 13-mile half marathon. They ask people to support them by donating(¾èÔù) to World Vision.

Addyson decided to run the 2017 Kansas City Half Marathon for World Vision. At age 7, she was one of the youngest-ever runners in the race, and had to get special permission to take part.

Addyson spent four months training with her parents, waking up before 6 a.m. to run. Meanwhile, she started fundraising(ļ¾è)by asking friends to make donations as birthday presents and clearing tables at a restaurant for tips.

By October 2017, when Addyson ran the race, she'd raised more than $20,000. She's the youngest person in World Vision history to raise more than $10,000. In 2018, she ran again and raised $36.000.

But Addyson's work is not finished. ¡°My goal is for every kid to have clean water,¡± she says.

¡¾1¡¿What does the underlined part"hit it off"in Paragraph I probably mean?

A.Became friends.B.Hit on a good idea.

C.Helped each other.D.Reached an agreement.

¡¾2¡¿What can we learn about Addyson's family?

A.They are good at marathons.B.They run a restaurant in Kansas City.

C.They are generous and warm-hearted.D.They founded World Vision International.

¡¾3¡¿Why did Addyson run the Kansas City Half Marathon?

A.To meet up with Maurine.B.To compete with her parents.

C.To get a chance to have clean water.D.To raise money for kids like Maurine.

¡¾4¡¿What record has Addyson made in World Vision history?

A.The first kid to finish a half marathon.

B.The first runner to raise more than $20,000.

C.The youngest runner in a 26-mile marathon.

D.The youngest kid to raise more than $10, 000.

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