B Memories of highly charged events, like the London bombings of the 7th July 2005, can be inaccurate and should not be relied on in court, according to a study in Britain. People can create false mem 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Memories of highly charged events, like the London bombings of the 7th July 2005, can be inaccurate and should not be relied on in court, according to a study in Britain. People can create false memories, bringing problems for police investigations.

The simultaneous (同时) bombings of three underground trains and a double－decker bus in London some years ago are imprinted on the minds of many people in Britain.

But our memories of the attacks are unreliable, according to a study from Portsmouth University. Forty percent of British students questioned about the events remembered seeing a film recorded by a CCTV(闭路监控) camera that shows a particular event of the bus bomb——footage(片段) which never existed. A further 28% claimed to have seen a non－existent computerized reconstruction.

Some even recalled specific details of the attack, which none of them witnessed. "The bus had just stopped to let people off when two women and a man got on," said one. "He placed a hag by his side, the woman sat down and as the bus left, there was an explosion. There was a leg on the floor." Another described how the bus had stepped at a traffic light when there was a bright light, an explosion and the roof of the bus was blown off by the power of the explosion.

"Memories are not like videotape you can return to the beginning and replay for perfect recall," said lead researcher James Ost. "Because of this, they are not reliable enough to form the basis of legal decisions." He believes people who are more creative might be more inclined to make these kinds of errors.

60．According to the passage, when people are strongly affected by an event______.

A．all they say about the event is not true

B．they couldn't remember anything

C．they couldn't go on the court to be witnesses

D．they couldn't make any errors on what they see about the event

61．The third paragraph______.

A．tells us what some people saw about the attack

B．shows that some people did create some false memories

C．shows that the London bombing was indeed a terrorist attack

D．shows that some people could remember details of an event

62．The underlined word "inclined" in the last paragraph is closest to the meaning of______.

A．careful B．likely C．serious D．curious

63．What is mainly discussed in the passage?

A．How our memories work. B．False memories.

C．How to avoid false memories. D．What can be done to memories.

【答案】

60----63 ABBB

【解析】略

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As you can see, halo effects carry high costs. They may lead some persons to have an 28 high opinion of their own worth, while making things 29 for others who are equally deserving. Further, by giving too much influence to persons who are not ready to receive it, and by preventing hidden talent from being 30 , they can harm organizations as well as individuals. Clearly, then, it is important to recognize the existence and impact of halo effects; only then can their harmful effects be avoided.

21. A. familiar B. wrong C. connected D. bored

22. A. adds B. extends C. keeps D. refers

23. A. choices B. memories C. judgments D. requirements

24. A. Unfortunately B. Probably C. Hopefully D. Generally

25. A. amusing B. conscious C. fashionable D. talented

26. A. comment B. reply C. effect D. opportunity

27. A. average B. excellent C. funny D. similar

28.A. unexpectedly B. understandably C. unreasonably D. unsuccessfully

29. A. difficult B. disorderly C. valuable D. significant

30. A. harmed B. discovered C. wasted D. protected

A Strange Greeting, a True Feeling Last week I was invited to a doctor’s meeting at the Ruth hospital for incurables. In one of the wards a patient, an old man, got up shakily from his bed and moved towards me. I could see that he hadn't long to 1 , but he came up to me and placed his right foot close mine on the floor.

“Frank！” I cried in astonishment. He couldn’t 2 , as I knew, but all the time 3 his foot against mine.

My 4 raced back more than thirty years to the 5 days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The 6 was an air-raid shelter, in which I and about hundred other people slept every night. Two of the regulars were Mrs. West and her son Frank.

7 wartime problems, we shelter-dwellers got to 8 each other very well. Frank West 9 me because he wasn’t 10 , not even at birth. His mother told me he was 37 then, but he had 11 of a mind than a baby has. His “ 12 ” consisted of rough sounds——sounds of pleasure or anger and 13 more. Mrs. West, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman, as she had to be, of course, because Frank 14 on her entirely. He needed all the 15 of a baby.

One night a policeman came and told Mrs. West that her house had been flattened by a 500-pounder. She 16 nearly everything she owned.

When that sort of thing happened, the rest of us helped the 17 ones. So before we 18 that morning, I stood beside Frank and 19 my right foot against his. They were about the same size. That night, then, I took a pair of shoes to the shelter for frank. But as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. After that, his 20 to me was always the same.

( )1. A. work B. stay C. live D. expect

( )2. A. answer B. speak C. smile D. laugh

( )3. A. covering B. moving C. fighting D. pressing

( )4. A. minds B. memories C. thoughts D. brains

( )5. A. better B. dark C. younger D. old

( )6. A. cave B. place C. sight D. scene

( )7. A. Discussing B. Solving C. Sharing D. Suffering

( )8. A. learn from B. talk to C. help D. know

( )9. A. needed B. recognized C. interested D. encouraged

( )10. A. normal B. common C. unusual D. quick

( )11. A. more B. worse C. fewer D. less

( )12. A. word B. speech C. sentence D. language

( )13. A. not B. no C. something D. nothing

( )14. A. fed B. kept C. lived D. depended

( )15. A. attention B. control C. treatment D. management

( )16. A. lost B. needed C. destroyed D. left

( )17. A. troublesome B. unlucky C. angry D. unpopular

( )18. A. separated B. went C. reunited D. returned

( )19. A. pushed B. tried C. showed D. measured

( )20. A. nodding B. greeting C. meeting D. acting

It was pouring outside. We all stood there 16 , some patiently, others annoyed 17 nature messed up their hurried day. I got lost in the sound and sight of the heavens 18 away the dirt and dust of the world.

“Mom, let’s run through the rain.” a girl’s voice 19 me.

“No, honey. We’ll wait until it 20 down a bit.” Mom replied.

The young girl waited about another minute and 21 : “Mom, let’s run through the rain.”

“We’ll get wet if we do,” Mom said.

“No. we won’t, Mom. That’s not what you said this morning,” the young girl said as she 22 her Mom’s arm.

“This morning? 23 __ did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet?”

“Don’t you remember? When you were talking to Daddy about his cancer, you said, ‘If God can get us through this, he can get us through 24 .’”

The entire crowd turned 25 . Mom paused and thought for a moment about 26 she would say.

Now some would laugh it off and scold her for being 27 . But then we heard, “Honey, you are 28 . Let’s run through the rain. If we get wet, maybe we just need washing,” Mom said. Then 29 they ran.

We all stood 30__ , smiling and laughing as they ran past the cars. Yes, they got wet. But they were 31 by a few who screamed and laughed like children all the 32 to their cars. Circumstances or people can take away your material possessions, and they can even take away your 33 . But no one can ever take away your precious 34 . So, don’t forget to make time and take the 35 to make memories every day! I hope you still take the time to run though the rain.

16. A. talking B. waiting C. complaining D. expecting

17. A. as if B. even if C. because D. when

18. A. taking B. putting C. driving D. washing

19. A. caught B. annoyed C. impressed D. called

20. A. slows B. comes C. pushes D. stops

21. A. asked B. repeated C. required D. added

22. A. pulled B. touched C. waved D. felt

23. A. Why B. How C. When D. Where

24. A. the rain B. the disease C. anything D. something

25. A. still B. silent C. serious D. angry

26. A. what B. how C. whether D. if

27. A. dishonest B. silly C. daring D. forgetful

28. A. right B. wrong C. stupid D. clever

29. A. off B. along C. on D. over

30. A. sighing B. joking C. discussing D. watching

31. A. followed B. guided C. respected D. praised

32. A. time B. way C. same D. best

33. A. house B. money C. health D. time

34. A. children B. memories C. courage D. experience

35. A. possibilities B. opportunities C. risk D. challenge

根据短文内容，从下框的A～E项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余项。

A. Gift giving proven(证明) to be valuable.

B. Memories from gift giving.

C. Moments and events for gift giving.

D. Various functions(功能) of gift giving.

E. Gift giving as a two-way(双向的) social activity.

Gift Giving

1.________

There are many occasions (场合) for giving gifts in modern societies: birthdays, naming ceremonies（庆祝仪式）, weddings, anniversaries（周年纪念日）, New Year. People often give gifts on many of these celebrations in western countries. Sometimes special events, such as one’s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.

2.________

What is happening when we give gifts? Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I should give one on his or her next birthday.

3.________

Gifts tighten(使紧密) personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient (接受者) know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person “feel special. ”We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say “I’m sorry.”

4.________

People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years: “I appreciate these, and they mean something to me,” the woman said, “because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we’ve had. ” The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come and remember her.

(C)

Sometimes people recall past events differently from how they happened. Have you ever confused dates and events from your life, or people’s names? Don’t be too hard on yourself if this is the case; it happens to almost everyone. Every day, our brain processes an amazing amount of information. In fact, all our experiences are based on the way our brain interprets the information it receives from our senses. It is impossible to store all of this information, so some of it gets lost. The parts that remain make up our memories. All our thoughts and memories depend on the way our senses work, and we cannot always trust everything our senses tell us.

If you have ever tried to make your own short film on a digital camera, you will have noticed that the images you record are often blurry(模糊不清). To stop the same thing from happening when we see things with our own eyes, our brain is always filling in the blanks. Before our eyes can even focus on an object, our brain has created its own picture of it so that we can move smoothly from looking at one thing to another without the world looking strange. If we are moving quickly or are not focusing properly, our brain may not correctly guess what is around us.

Memory is the way we store the information that our senses have experienced. As we have discussed above, our senses do not always see things accurately, so our memory is just how we store our interpretations of these experiences. When our brain takes in new experiences, it uses the information we retrieve from our memory as a reference. This means that we often do not remember the details of things but just the important parts. When we look at something, we often do not really look closely at it, but we merely look at the different hints that help us indentify it.

This also happens with our hearing and speaking. It is natural for students of English to confuse the word “kitchen”, with the familiar word “chicken”. As the sounds are similar, the mind mistakenly identifies the new word with the one that is familiar. This is perhaps the most common reason why people make mistakes when they learn a new language.

72. Sometimes things people remember are quite different from how they really happened because ______.

A. not all people are smart enough B. the main part of the information gets lost

C. people are too strict with themselves D. information was processed incompletely

73. Taking the short film on a digital camera for an example, the author means _____.

A. images recorded by cameras could not be accurate

B. brain may form an imagery picture without reference

C. blurry pictures are caused by too fast camera movements

D. the process of vision is an interpretive construct by the brain

74. The underlined word “retrieve” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.

A. recall B. change C. borrow D. differ

75. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in terms of memory?

A. Memory is exactly what senses have experienced.

B. Memories are made up of the information remaining in minds.

C. Memory is the way to store information experienced by senses.

D. Memories sometimes can be obstacles to learning something new.

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