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The harm the modern farming methods have done________the countryside is considerable.
[     ]
A. on  
B. to
C. at  
D. for
B
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To get an extra 14 years of life, don't smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount．That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal．
After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, Kay-Tee Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived all average of 14 years longer than those who didn't．
“We've known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we've not seen this benefit before, ”said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain's Medical Research Council．“The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from．”
Study participants（参与者）scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake．
Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes．But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years．
“We can't say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, ”said Dr．Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization．“The 14 years is an average across the population of what's theoretically（理论上地）possible．”
“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn't good for them, ”Susan Jebb said．“We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change．”
【小题1】Which of the following DOESN'T belong to the four healthy habits?

A．Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day．
B．Do proper exercise in the morning every day．
C．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day．
D．Having a cigarette before going to bed every day．
【小题2】We can learn from the passage that            ．
A．Susan Jebb did not take part in the study．
B．the study observed people as well as tested specific changes．
C．there's no need for people under 45 to adopt these good habits．
D．only those from first class can benefit from these healthy behaviors．
【小题3】What can be inferred from the passage?
A．All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits．
B．People aged 45 to 70 have bad habits in the United Kingdom．
C．Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits．
D．People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they're good．
【小题4】What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Smoking and Drinking Cuts You 14 Years
B．How to Live a Much Healthier Life
C．Healthy Habits May Give Extra 14 Years
D．How to Make Your Life Longer Than Others

Most children, even the youngest of children, are delighted to be around cats and dogs. But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens（过敏原）,prompting researchers to ask: Are cats and dogs really safe for children？
A study finds that, contrary to many parents' fears, owning cats or dogs does not increase a child's risk of developing allergies, and in fact, may actually protect them. The study's lead author, Dr. Dennic Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia, says that even he was "very surprised" by the results. Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7, comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first year of life to those who were not.
By using skin-prick tests for detecting common allergies, the researchers found that, contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years, children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.
Even more remarkable, children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction, up to 77 percent, in risk of allergies. Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats. Exposing young children to these bacteria helps" exercise" their immune systems early in life so that they're better able to resist allergic diseases later.
There's something very important in that first year of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response, said Dr. William Davis.
And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a child's allergy risk, they say if a family already has one or more animals, there's no need to get rid of them.
【小题1】Why do the researchers feel “very surprised” by the results of the study?

A．Because the results are contrary to their expectation．
B．Because so many children are playing with cats and dogs．
C．Because parents are so much worried about their children．
D．Because children with animals may develop allergies easily．
【小题2】Compared with children who have pets，those who haven’t  ______.
A．will lose the chance to develop immune system
B．may suffer allergic diseases more often
C．will reduce the harm from bacteria
D．can keep doctors away
【小题3】It can be inferred from the passage that ______．
A．pets are ill-treated by their owners
B．less families would like to own cats and dogs
C．keeping pets is a good way to keep children healthy
D．the results of the study can make families with pets feel at ease
【小题4】The underlined word “it” in the fifth paragraph refers to________.
A．the early life
B．an allergic disease
C．immune system
D．something important
【小题5】What may be the best title of the passage?
A．How to protect your kids from allergies
B．Your pets may be helping your kids
C．Bacteria do good to your kids
D．Advantages of owning pets

To get an extra 14 years of life, don’t smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount．That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal．

After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45-79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993-2007, Kay-Tee, Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived an average of 14 years longer than those who didn’t．

“We’ve known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we’ve not seen this benefit before, ” said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain’s Medical Research Council．“The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from．”

Study participants(参与者) scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake．

Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes．But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviours would surely gain 14 years．

“We can’t say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things,” said Doctor Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization．”The 14 years is an average across the population of what’s theoretically(理论上) possible．”

“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking is not good for them”, Susan Jebb said, ”We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change．”

1．Which of the following doesn’t belong to the four healthy habits?

A．Eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day．

B．Doing proper exercise in the morning every day．

C．Having a cigarette before going to bed every day．

D．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day．

2．We can learn from the passage that_____．

A．the study observed people as well as tested specific changes

B．Susan Jebb did not take part in the study

C．there is no need for people under 45 adopt these good habits

D．only those from first class can benefit from these healthy behaviours

3．What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits．

B．People aged 45-79 have bad habits in the United Kingdom．

C．All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits．

D．People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they’re good．

4．What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Smoking and Drinking Cuts You 14 Years

B．Healthy Habits Could Gain You Extra 14 years

C．A New Way of Keeping Healthy

D．Smoking and Drinking Harms Your Health

 

As computer games get to look more lifelike, it seems that their violence is spilling over into real life. It is reported that some dozens of children have been murdered since 1997, which has been linked to all obsession (着迷) with violent video games. Recently the parents of a 14-­year-­old murder victim in the UK blamed the killer's obsession with the game Manhunt, causing a government review of legislation (立法) to protect children.

Psychologists think there may be many reasons why violent games are more harmful to children than violent movies. Firstly, players are actively involved in violence, and may begin to see using weapons as second nature. Secondly, violent games provide repetitive aggressive (侵犯的) experiences that are rewarded by more killing.

Many studies have shown that people who play violent games regularly are more likely to show high levels of aggression. For instance, in 2000, scientists in Iowa State University found that people who played violent games were more likely to admit involvement in aggressive behaviors, including assaults (侵犯人体罪) or robberies.

A study of 13 to 14-­year­-old children showed that more than half had played games recommended only for over­18s. The more violent the games they played, the more they considered physical aggression to be acceptable. Besides, children who play violent games are more prone (有做……倾向的) to arguing with teachers and fighting.

Experimental studies have also hinted at a possible link. In one, scientists asked a group of students to play a violent game, while another group played the non­violent. Those who played the violent games were faster to react to aggressive words subsequently (随后) flashed on screen.

1. We may infer from the first paragraph that 　　　　.

A. computer games have little to do with violence in real life

B. Manhunt has resulted in the death of one of its plays

C. lifelike computer games are forbidden in the UK

D. legislation to protect children in the UK still needs improving

2. Violent games are more harmful to children than violent movies because 　　　　.

A. violent movies are not so attractive to children

B. the viewers can't take part in violent movies

C. violent movies are not popular with children

D. children can win awards in violent games

3. What will be probably discussed in the paragraph following the passage？

A. Further research on the harm of violent games.

B. Further differences between violent game and non­violent games.

C. Ways to protect children from violent games.

D. The result of more experimental studies.

4. What would be the best title for the passage？

A. Games and Murder

B. Should Computer Games become lifelike？

C. Legislation, effective or not？

D. Violent Games and Non­violent Games

 

A green house is a building made of glass which is used for keeping warm when the outside temperature is low. In a similar way there are several gases in the atmosphere (mixture of gases that surround the earth) which trap the heat produced by the sun and prevent it from escaping. These gases are known as “greenhouse gases”. and the way in which they trap heat in the atmosphere is called the “greenhouse effect”. This is not simply air pollution. Most of the main greenhouse gases exist naturally in small amounts in our atmosphere, and without them the earth would be 30 degrees colder and human life would not exist. In other words, the greenhouse effect is a natural course which is to some degree helpful to us.

The problem is that in the last century and a half, we have been putting too many of these gases into the earth’s atmosphere by burning large quantities of coal and oil and by cutting down forest. The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer. The world’s temperature has already gone up by half a degree this century, and the sea level has risen by 10 centimetres. If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles, there will probably be a rise in the earth’s temperature of between I and 4℃;. This may seem a small increase, but it would be enough to cause major changes in geography and agriculture. Large areas of the world would be flooded, and some areas would become dry and unable to produce crops. It is important, too, to consider that there may be a delay of about 30 years in the greenhouse effect. This means that we are probably experiencing only now the effect of the gases put into the atmosphere before the 1960s. Since then, our use of these gases has greatly increased.

1. According to the passage, we can know “greenhouse effect” means_______.  

A．the way in which gases are used for keeping plants warm

B．a natural course that is to a certain degree useful to us

C．the way “greenhouse gases” trap heat on the earth

D．the whole course in which greenhouse gases prevent heat

2. If there were no greenhouse effect,_______.

A．all plants would not grow on our planet

B．soil would reduce the temperature by 30 degrees

C．man would breathe the cleaner air

D．people couldn’t live in the earth

3. Which of the following is not true?

A．Burning too much coal and oil produces lots of greenhouse gases.

B．It has become warm on the earth now than in the past.

C．Gases put into the atmosphere now will affect the earth years later.

D．The temperature in a greenhouse is as high as that in the atmosphere.

4. Suppose the earth’s temperature rose by 3 degrees, _______. 

A．great harm will be done to mankind

B．the sea level would go up by 10 centimeters

C．all the land in the world would be flooded

D．crops would be unable to grow on the earth

5. This passage mainly deals with ________.

A．the concept (概念) and the harm of the greenhouse

B．the relation between greenhouse gases and man

C．the concept and change of greenhouse effect

D．the effect of the rise of the earth’s temperature

 

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