题目内容
2.Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II,an American economic analyst declared,"Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life,that we convert the buying and use of goods into habits,that we seek our (51)B satisfaction,our self-satisfaction in consumption.We need things consumed,burned up,worn out,replaced at an ever(52)D rate."Americans have (53)C to the call,and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even deeply rooted in social (54)A.Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies,Japan and the United States,show consumerist definitions of success becoming very popular.
Over consumption by the fortunate in the world is an environmental problem (55)B in severity by anything but perhaps population growth.Their increasing exploitation of resources(56)D to exhaust or unalterably spoils forests,soils,water,air and climate.
Ironically (有讽刺意味的),high consumption may be a(57)A blessing in human terms,too.The time-honored values of integrity of character,good work,friendship,family and community have often been (58)B in the rush to riches.
Thus,many people in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow.With the(59)D of a consumerist culture,they also think that they have been (60)A attempting to satisfy what are essentially social,psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
(61)C,the opposite of overconsumption-poverty-is no(62)A to either environmental or human problems.It is much worse for people and bad for the natural world too.Peasants who have nothing left cut-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America,and hungry nomads (游牧民) turn their animals out onto African grassland,reducing it to(63)D.
If environmental (64)B results when people have either too little or too much,we are left to wonder how much is enough.What level of consumption can the earth support?When does having more (65)C to add noticeably to human satisfaction?
51.A.natural | B.spiritual | C.cultural | D.actual |
52.A.promising | B.promoting | C.falling | D.increasing |
53.A.proved | B.returned | C.responded | D.persevered |
54.A.values | B.moralities | C.identities | D.problems |
55.A.qualified | B.unmatched | C.compared | D.unprocessed |
56.A.happens | B.manages | C.starts | D.threatens |
57.A.mixed | B.detected | C.counted | D.terrified |
58.A.promoted | B.sacrificed | C.satisfied | D.relieved |
59.A.improving | B.neglecting | C.sponsoring | D.misleading |
60.A.fruitlessly | B.successfully | C.occasionally | D.eagerly |
61.A.As a result | B.For instance | C.Of course | D.From then on |
62.A.solution | B.pollution | C.consideration | D.contribution |
63.A.attraction | B.rubbish | C.homeland | D.desert |
64.A.construction | B.destruction | C.development | D.improvement |
65.A.remain | B.occur | C.cease | D.happen. |
分析 对资源的过度开发利用给人类带来资源被耗尽的威胁,将使森林、土壤、水、空气和气候遭到不可逆转的破坏
解答 51-55 BDCAB 56-60 DABDA 61-65 CADBC
51.B考查形容词词义辨析 经济分析家的观点是:"巨大的生产力的经济要求我们把消费当成生活方式,把购买和消费东西养成习惯,并且寻求一种精神满足,即在消费方面的自我满足.".从"our self-satisfaction in consumption."可知,第一空后面的满足是一种"精神"(spiritual)满足,而非"自然","文化"或者"实际"满足,故选B.
52.D考查动词词义辨析根据这位分析家的观点:"我们需要越来越多的消耗,烧毁,用坏乃至替换物品."故选D.
53.C考查动词词义辨析 根据后半句"其他国家也跟风模仿."可知前半句讲"美国人响应(respond)这一号召,故选C.
54.A考查名词词义辨析根据句意:"消费已经成为工业化国家的核心支柱,甚至深深地植根于社会价值观当中.""在世界上两大经济强国美国和日本的民意调查表明对成功进行消费主义定义很盛行."可知空格处应填"社会价值观",故选A.
55.B考查动词词义辨析 根据句意:"世界上幸运儿的过度消费已经成了一个环境问题了.这个问题的严重程度仅次于人口增长的问题."即"这个问题在严重程度方面,除了人口增长任何问题都不能与之相匹敌(unmatched)",故选B.
56.D考查动词词义辨析 根据句意:"他们对资源越来越多的开发有可能会(threaten to)耗尽或者不可逆转的破坏森林,土壤等."A.happen to 恰好,B.manage to 做成某事,C.start to 开始做某事,均不符合题意,故选D.
57.A考查动词词义辨析 a mixed blessing有好处也有坏处的事.根据文意,高消费既可以促进经济发展,有带来了环境资源等一系列问题,故选A.
58.B考查动词词义辨析根据句意:"我们一直秉承的像正直、友谊、家庭等价值观,在追逐财富的匆忙中被牺牲掉了.",故选B.
59.D考查动词词义辨析根据本段的中心句:"许多工业国家的人们感觉他们富足的世界有点空虚."可知"由于他们受到消费主义文化的误导(misleading),他们认为他们正在用物质来满足社会,心理和精神方面的本质的需求,但却徒劳无功.",故选D.
60.A考查副词词义辨析根据本段第一句句意:"许多工业国家的人们感觉他们富足的世界有点空虚.",之所以"空虚",是因为他们被"消费主义文化"所误导了(misleading),故选A.
61.C考查固定短语 根据句意:"当然(of course),过度消费的另一极端-贫穷也不是环境或者人类问题的解决之道(solution).",of course,承上启下,故选C.
62.A考查名词词义辨析根据本段第二三句:"它(贫穷)对人类更加不利,对大自然也没什么好处."可见"过度消费的另一极端-贫穷也不是环境或者人类问题的解决之道(solution).",故选A.
63.D考查名词词义辨析根据句意"hungry nomads (游牧民) turn their animals out onto African grassland"可知这种行为使得(reduce)草原(it)沦为荒漠(desert),故选D.
64.B考查名词词义辨析 前面讲了,过度消费或者贫穷都不是解决问题的办法,那么作者发出疑问:"如果我们拥有的太多或者太少,环境破坏(destruction)的问题都会产生,那么我们想知道多少才是恰到好处.",故选B.
65.C考查动词词义辨析两个问句:"地球能承受人类什么水平的消费呢?什么时候人类拥有更多消费更多反而不能(cease to)明显提升自己的满足感呢?".作者明显在质问:"什么程度的消费才是恰到好处的消费?"故选C.
点评 完型填空,解题时要抓住文章的脉络,一定要读懂全文,弄清文章要表达的思想,注意前后段落之间的关系.答题中,一定要认真分析,注意选项与上下文的关系,与前后单词的关系.对于一时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成,因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来.答完后再通读一篇文章,看看所选选项能不能是语句通顺,语意连贯.