People today expect to be examined when they enter a doctor's office. At least they expect their blood pressure and temperature to be measured. However, as recently as two hundred years ago, a doctor' 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

The sleep debt is the difference between the amount of sleep you should get and the amount you actually get. It grows every time we skim some extra minutes off our nightly sleep. “People accumulate sleep debts gradually,” says Dr. William Dement, founder of the Stanford University Sleep Clinic. Studies show that such short-term lack of sleep leads to a foggy brain, impaired vision, worsened driving and troubled remembering. Long- term effects include obesity, insulin(胰岛素) resistance, and heart disease.
A 2007 survey by the National Sleep Foundation reports that Americans sleep for 6.9 hours per night, 6.8 hours on average during the week and 7.4 hours on the weekends. Generally, experts recommend eight hours of sleep per night, although some people may require only six hours of sleep while others need ten. That means on average, Americans lose one hour of sleep each night more than two full weeks of sleep every year.
The good news is that the sleep debt can be repaid with some work, though it won’t happen when you sleep longer for once. Adding an extra hour or two hours of sleep a night is the way to catch up. For the long-term sleep shortage, it takes a few months to get back to natural sleeping pattern, says Lawrence J. Epstein, medical director of the Harvard Sleep Health Center.
Go to bed when you are tired, allowing your body to wake you in the morning, with no alarm clock. You may find yourself uncomfortable at the beginning of the recovery cycle. Expect to bank to ten hours shut-eye per night. As the days pass, however, the amount of sleeping time will gradually decrease. For recovery sleep, both the hours of the sleep and the intensity(强度) of the sleep are important. The most refreshing sleep occurs during deep sleep, which is generally considered a restorative (促使健康的) period for the brain. And when you sleep for more hours, you allow your brain to spend more time relaxing.
As you reduce the sleep debt, your body will come to rest at a sleeping pattern that is specifically right for you. Sleep researcher believe that genes determine our individual sleeping patterns. So you can’t train yourself to be a “short sleeper”. A 2005 study in the journal Sleep found that the more tired we get, the less tired we feel.
46. Which of the following is NOT the side effect of sleep debt?
A. Putting on weight. B. Having a bad memory.
C. Having trouble eating food. D. A temporary loss of eyesight.
47. We learn from the 2007 survey that _______.
A. Americans generally don’t have enough sleep
B. Americans sleep too much over the weekends
C. everyone is supposed to sleep for eight hours
D. most people lack two weeks of sleep every year
48. What should we do to make up for the sleep shortage?
A. We should go to sleep when we are free.
B. We should sleep for at least ten hours every day.
C. We should sleep for one or two more hours at night.
D. We should sleep day and night during the holidays.
49. Why is the intensity of the sleep important to us?
A. Our brain is resting when we are sleeping deeply.
B. Deep sleep helps our brain to fully recover.
C. We feel more relaxed when sleeping soundly.
D. Short sleep makes our body more refreshing.
50. The author seems to believe that _________.
A. the more tired we are getting, the more sleep we need
B. the sleeping patterns have nothing to do with our genes
C. it is possible for us to reduce our sleep time by training
D. it is wise for us to adapt to our natural sleeping patterns.

Laughter Yoga (瑜伽) is a unique technique invented by Dr Kataria, a doctor from India, by which you can learn to “Laugh for No Reason”. You don’t even need a sense of humor, no funny jokes or comedy programs — just a willingness to laugh — and in the present climate everyone needs to laugh more.
Laughter Yoga is a combination of Laughter Exercises and Yogic Breathing, so that you increase the amount of oxygen in your body while being playful, resulting in you feeling healthier, energetic and alive. This actually changes the physical conditions of your body so that you start to feel happier.
Laughter Yoga is generally done in groups although it can be practiced alone. When you make eye contact with someone and you’re both willing to laugh, the laughter is increased. However, we do say that you can “Fake (假装) it, fake it till you make it” because the body doesn’t know the difference between fake and true laughter; as long as you’re willing to laugh you’ll experience the same health benefits.
Laughter Yoga started in a park in Mumbai in 1995 with just 5 participants, and now there’re over 6,000 laughter clubs in 60 different countries — showing the willingness of the world to laugh together.
In the UK, Julie was one of the first people to train as a Laughter Leader with Dr Kataria in June 2002. In 2006 she was awarded Laughter Ambassador for her selfless service to promote Laughter Yoga.
“Yoga has been part of my life for 30 years but 7 years ago my life changed when I discovered Laughter Yoga. I believe laughter and yoga are both good for your health,” says Julie.
小题1:Why do people practicing Laughter Yoga laugh a lot?

A．They have a sense of humor.	B．They are amused by jokes.
C．They are willing to laugh.	D．They can’t help laughing a lot.

小题2: What do we know about Julie from the passage?

A．She took up Laughter Yoga 30 years ago.

B．She helped make Laughter Yoga more popular.

C．She used to suffer from serious physical problems.

D．She was the first person to practise Laughter Yoga.

小题3:The purpose of the passage is to _____.

A．persuade people to take up Laughter Yoga

B．tell people how to practise Laughter Yoga

C．describe the good effects of Laughter Yoga

D．introduce Laughter Yoga as a new event

A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.
Researchers from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤)．They said that they found faults in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
But questions has been raised about sunscreen and whether it may has opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer--- people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example--- are more likely to use sunscreen．As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
小题1:People with fair skin and freckles .

A．seldom use sunscreen

B．are more in danger of skin cancer

C．can be free from the harm of the sun

D．often expose themselves to the sun

小题2:We can learn from the passage that .

A．sunscreen users get skin cancer more often

B．the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen

C．the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers

D．the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America

小题3:Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A．Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer

B．Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer

C．Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen

D．Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

American farmers are raising five percent more goats for meat these days．
Goat meat is high in protein(蛋白质)and lower in unhealthy fat than many other meats．Even so，the industry is small compared to chicken，beef and pork. But immigration has brought more of a taste for goat to America from all over the world.
Experts from the University of Illinois offer some questions for people to consider if they are thinking about raising goats．
First of all，do you understand that there always has to be someone to care for the goats?
◆How much land do you have available? And how good is it? Poor ground may support two to four goats on half a hectare．Better grassland can support six to eight. If goats and cattle share the land，two goats can be added for each cow. The goats will eat weeds and other plants that cattle do not like．
◆Do you have buildings for the number of female goats you plan to keep during winter? An open，cold，dry barn is better than a closed，warm barn where the air is wet．
◆Do you have the equipment to clean barns（畜棚） and to harvest hay（草料） to feed your goats? Or will you get someone else to do it，or buy the hay?
The experts say a profitable business in goat meat may take three to five years to establish．And, of course, there are no guarantees .
小题1:On which section of a newspaper will this passage appear?

A．International Affairs	B．Entertainment
C．Agriculture	D．Culture

小题2:Which of the following is NOT a factor in making goat meat more popular?

A．Goat meat is healthy food.

B．Immigrants bring different tastes.

C．The industry still leaves room for profit.

D．Raising goats is challenging.

小题3:If someone has two hectares of good grass land, what is the maximum number of cows and goats he can raise?

A．32 cows and 64 goats．	B．32 cows and 32 goats．
C．16 cows and 32 goats．	D．8 cows and 16 goats．

小题4: What is the experts’ opinion about the goat-raising business?

A．You can make sure money．

B．You had better be cautious and patient．

C．Goats are hardly possible to raise．

D．Goat meat still needs to be recognized．

III、完型填空（共30分，每小题1.5分）
阅读短文，根据内容，从第36-55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Sam backed his car out of the garage and drove two blocks to the highway. It 36 from the suburbs into Central City. Immediately he joined the steam of early-morning 37 that was flowing towards town. As he drove, he 38 Leon Poole. Poole was an odd man, clever in some ways, very stupid in 39. Poole had been a respectable 40 in a town near Central City. He had arranged with another man to 41 the bank at a time when an unusually large amount of cash was being held there. The other man had walked into the bank, waved a 42 at Poole, who was on duty, and taken the 43 . Only three men had known when the money would be there, so it was 44 that someone inside the bank must have 45 the robbery. Sam, the detective in 46 of the case, questioned Poole and the others, and released them, but had them all 47 closely. Two days later Poole, thinking he was 48 under suspicion(怀疑), arranged a meeting with the actual robber, who was a known criminal. The 49 arrested the robber and got a confession(坦白) from him. He 50 Poole as the man who had planned the whole thing.
The three officers who went to 51 the fat, soft, bank clerk didn’t expect trouble. 52 Leon Poole turned out to have a gun, and 53 it when they knocked at his door. His 54 hit one of the officers in the arm. 55 they had gone in after him, shooting.
36.A. led B. escaped      C. jumped      D. suffered
37.A. airline   B. traffic C. exercise      D. train
38.A. dealt with     B. talked with C. thought of D. met with
39.A. rest       B. mind   C. action D. others
40.A. salesman       B. shop assistant     C. bank clerk D. sales manager
41.A. defend   B. protect       C. rob     D. damaged
42.A. pole      B. finger C. stick   D. gun
43.A. money   B. interest       C. counter      D. car
44.A. doubtful       B.obvious       C. uncertain    D. important
45.A. planned B. prevented   C. hidden       D. blamed
46.A. place     B. possession C. charge D. search
47.A. followed       B. watched     C. stood D. communicated
48.A. no longer      B. on earth     C. once again D. all the time
49.A. clerk     B. army   C. police D. firefighter
50.A. owned   B. named C. directed      D. grasped
51.A. visit      B. frighten      C. invite D. arrest
52.A. Since    B. Meanwhile C. But     D. Although
53.A. threw    B. fired   C. stole   D. hid
54.A. sound    B. strength      C. anger D. bullet
55.A. Basically      B. Naturally    C. Namely      D. Comfortably

All of my childhood and early, adult life, my mom weighed over 220 pounds (one pound =" 0.454" kilograms). I could feel the pain that my mom experienced with her fatness.
I was never uncomfortable about my mother, but I think she was uncomfortable about herself, and that feeling was painful for all of us. And she began to lose weight.
After more than twenty years of battling obesity（肥胖）, my mother completed a forceful eighteen-month diet that left her ninety pounds lighter than before. A new woman was born! At age twenty-eight, I got a new mom! For the first time, I met the woman my mother truly was, the beautiful little lady under the fatness. It wasn’t so much her new body that was the surprise, but rather her new spirit.
To celebrate her new size and to devote herself to dancing again, my mother joined a “Mrs. Forty-Plus” competition, where she would have to model, give a speech and provide a dance performance. She told our family that she did not care if she won — she simply had always wanted to perform on stage.
She told each one of us, “I’m not doing it to win; I’m doing it to dance!”
The competition was exciting! I prayed that my mom would win, but while watching her on stage I was simply overjoyed just by her effort. To me, she had already won. She posed to perfection, her speech brought tears to everyone’s eyes, and her performance was wonderful.
That night, at age fifty-three, my mother was crowned (为......加冕) “Mrs. Forty-Plus”. She was the first person in our family to ever win such a title.
64. The first two paragraphs mainly show that the author’s mom was __________.
A. experienced      B. painful          C. comfortable        D. fat
65. After the author’s mom completed a forceful eighteen-month diet, she was about __________.
A. 85 kilograms    B. 41 kilograms      C. 130 pounds         D. 90 pounds
66. In order to join in the “Mrs. Forty-Plus” Competition, the author’s mom has to do the following EXCEPT __________.
A. providing a dance performance            B. telling a funny story about herself
C. giving a speech to a large number of people D. wearing special clothes to show to people
67. The underlined part in Paragraph 6 means that __________.
A. the author’s mom succeeded in modeling and speaking
B. the author’s mom’s performance was very wonderful
C. the author’s mom was not successful in modeling
D. the author’s mom succeeded in making a speech

第三部分阅读技能 (共三节，满分35分)
阅读理解（共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
TEENAGERS lead an exciting life in high school, making friends and dreaming about the future. However, as all young people know, teenagers have plenty of worries too.
Do you know what British teenagers worry about most? A survey by the UK's Department of Health shows that the top worries are losing weight (减肥) and fitting in (适应). Over 100,000 teenagers took part in the research.
Losing weight is a big concern among teenagers. This may be an effect of famous people with perfect bodies around them.
Adolescence is a physically and emotionally difficult time. Teenagers want to feel good about their bodies.
It's also important for them to be accepted. Many teenagers were picked on (作弄) in high school. “Who should I eat lunch with?” “Who should I hang out with?” “Will I be accepted?” These questions are troubling many UK teenagers, according to the survey.
It's interesting to see that family background has an effect on teenagers' worries. Teenagers from low-income families worried more about losing weight and bullying (欺凌弱小). Teenagers from higher income families were more likely to worry about fitting in and peer pressure (同辈压力).
49 According to the survey, British teenagers are most worried about ______.
A. fitting in and making money                      B. finding jobs and making friends
C. losing weight and being accepted                   D. making money and losing weight.
50.   Many teenagers are concerned about losing weight because ______.
A. they see thin famous people                              B. they care a lot about health
C. they don't have much money                                       D. they face problems in life
51.   The word “adolescence” in the fourth paragraph means ______.
A.幼儿期                          B.青春期                           C.青年期             D.老年期
52.   Suppose Jack is from a poor family; what do you think he may worry more about?
A. fitting in and losing weight                                B. fitting in and peer pressure
C. losing weight and bullying                                  D. losing weight and peer pressure

At one time or another most farmers have problems with mice. This is especially true for grain farmers. Mice eat a lot of grain. They also carry diseases(疾病), which people can get from eating or touching grain the mice have made dirty. Farmers can use special grain storage building or they can kill the mice. However, both methods can be costly. Farmers must buy materials to build the special grain storage buildings or chemical poisons to kill the mice.
Here is a way to kill mice without spending a lot of money. It is a simple but effective king of mouse trap. The method is first used by some farmers in the west African country of Mali. An agricultural expert in Mali reported about the Mali mouse trap in a magazine. The expert reported that his gardener caught 150 mice in just one night. The gardener used four traps. The trap is easy to make. First, remove the top from a 20 liter metal or plastic container(容器). Put it n a hole in the ground. The top edge of the container should be the level with the surface of the ground. Fill the container with water to within eight centimeters of the top. Add tiny pieces of grain wastes. They should float on the water. Also put some wastes on the ground near the trap. During the night, mice will come out to eat the grain wastes. They will fall into the container and drown. Replace the food in the trap every night.
56. According to the passage,       used the mouse trap first.
A. an agricultural expert in the west Africa      B. farmers in the United States
C. an American gardener                    D. farmers in Mali
57. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. A simple and effective method used by farmers to kill mice.
B. Methods used by farmers to kill mice.
C. Farmers have problems with mice.
D. How to kill mice.
58.      is not needed in making the mouse trap.
A. Water                            B. A container
C. chemical poison                    D. Food
59. Which of the following can’t protect grain from being eaten by mice?
A. A special grain storage building.          B. Chemical poisons.
C. A mouse trap.                        D. A hole in the ground.

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