题目内容

— We don't know who stole the book. What's you opinion?
— Jack is considered _____ it.

[     ]

A. having done
B. to have done
C. doing
D. to do
B
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阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
I think that a hero doesn’t have to be someone who saves people or anything, but he or she can be a teacher or a friend. My personal hero is my music teacher, since he puts so much extra effort into teaching us. He does an extra Steel Drum Band for us. He doesn’t have to do anything extra for us, but he chooses to since he loves to teach and be with us so much. Not many other teachers would want to do so much extra stuff for us since they probably get tired of us after a while, but he does since he cares. No matter how annoying we are to him, he always helps us. If we don’t understand what he’s teaching, he helps us more and tries even harder to make us understand everything we need to. He teaches us the proper techniques for holding instruments as well as playing, instead of just yelling at us if we mess up. He will always have a kind thing to say, even if you’re badly failing his class. He won’t be mad. He will just try harder to help. He always remembers his students, and has some sort of special connection of some sort with everyone. He will always remember to smile and talk to you in the halls, even if he only waves, he still notices everyone.
[写作内容]
1) 以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2) 然后以约120个词就“我心中的英雄”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
①你认为英雄需要有什么样的品质；
②谁是你心目中的英雄；
③简述你心目中的英雄的事迹。
[写作要求]
可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
[评分标准]
概括准确、语言规范、内容合适，篇章连贯。


第Ⅱ卷（共35分）
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语文错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。
　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写该加的词。
　　删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
　　修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
　　　　　2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
　　I think people have always found the future excited.Just think of some science fiction books that have written on the subject.The 21st century will bring wonderful advances in the world information technology.We can see through the Internet that the amazing possibilities for communication and learning.Other exciting area is medical progress.It would be good think of a world which cancer is no longer a frightening word.I'm sure medical research will sonn find cure for this disease.Apart from these technical developments,future is exciting on a more personal level too.Most young people think of their future with hope.Who knows that the future will bring in the way of jobs? The fact that we don't know make it exciting.So yes ,the future is exciting.

下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请找出并改正。
【小题1】 We don’t know that we can do about it.
【小题2】Could you tell me how I could get to the nearest post office?
【小题3】The old man said he had joined the army in 1965.
【小题4】Mary said she did not heard from her old classmate since September.
【小题5】 Charles asked he could use my car.
【小题6】Mother asked me where I will go the next day.
【小题7】Do you have a friend whom you could tell everything, like your deepest feelings and thoughts.
【小题8】Don’t look at someone else paper, John. You should do it by yourself.
【小题9】 In order to improve your English, you can try writing an English diary every day.
【小题10】 The teacher gave a series of example in her lecture in order that everybody could understand.

Antidepressant（抗忧郁）drugs such as Prozac were viewed in the early 1900's as wonder pills that would remove depressive blues for good. But in the past five years, growing scientific evidence has shown these drugs work for only a minority of people. And now a research journal says that these antidepressants can make many patients' depression worse. This alarming suggestion centres on the very chemical that is targeted by antidepressants-serotonin（血清素）. Drugs such as Prozac are known as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors（or SSRIs）. Their aim is to increase the level of this  “feel-good” chemical in the brain.

But the new research, published in the journal Frontiers In Evolutionary Psychology, points out that serotonin is like a chemical Swiss Army knife, performing a very wide range of jobs in the brain and body. And when we start changing serotonin levels purposely, it may cause a wide range of unwanted effects. These can include digestive problems and even early deaths in older people, according to the study's lead researcher Paul Andrews. “ We need to be much more cautious about use of these drugs,” says Andrews, an assistant professor of evolutionary psychology at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada.

Previous research has suggested that the drugs provide little benefit for most people with mild depression, and actively help only a few of the most severely depressed. Famous psychologist Irving Kirsch has found that for many patients, SSRIs are no more effective than a placebo pill. A research in 2010 on Danish children found a small, but significant, increase in the risk of heart problems among babies whose mothers had used SSRIs in early pregnancy. The key to understanding these side-effects is serotonin, says Andrews. Serotonin is also the reason why patients can often end up feeling still more depressed after they have finished a course of SSRI drugs. He argues that SSRI antidepressants disturb the brain, leaving the patient an even greater depression than before.

“After long use, when a patient stops taking SSRIs, the brain will lower its levels of serotonin production,” he says, adding that it also changes the way receptors in the brain respond to serotonin, making the brain less sensitive to the chemical. These changes are believed to be temporary, but studies indicate that the effects may continue for up to two years.

Most disturbingly of all, Andrews' review features three recent studies which, he says , show that elderly antidepressant users are more likely to die earlier than non-users, even after taking other important variables into account. One study, published in the British Medical Journal last year, found patients given SSRIs were more than 4 per cent more likely to die in the next year than those not on the drugs.

“Serotonin is an ancient chemical,” says Andrews. “It is regulating many different processes, and when you disturb these things, you can expect that it is going to cause some harm.”

Stafford Lightman, professor of medicine at the University of Bristol, and a leading UK expert in brain chemicals and hormones, says Andrews’ review highlights some important problems, yet it should also be taken with a pinch of salt. “This report is doing the opposite of what drug companies do,” he says. “Drug companies selectively present all the positives in their research, while this search selectively presents all the negatives that can be found. Nevertheless, Andrews' study is useful in that it is always worth pointing out that there is a downside to any medicine. ” Professor Lightman adds that there is still a great deal we don't know about SSRIs-not least what they actually do in our brains.

When it comes to understanding why the drugs work only for a limited part of patients, U.S.  scientists think they might now have the answer. They think that in many depressed patients, it’s not only the lack of feel-good serotonin causing their depression, but also a failure in the area of the brain that produces new cells throughout our lives. This area, the hippocampus, is also responsible for regulating mood and memory. Research suggests that in patients whose hippocampus has lost the ability to produce new cells, SSRIs do not bring any benefit.

1.According to paragraph 2, serotonin, like a chemical Swiss Army knife, can             .

A. make many patients' depression worse

B. cause a wide range of unwanted effects

C. affect human body and brain in various ways

D. provide little benefit for most depressed people

2.In Stafford Lightman's opinion,                     .

A. drug companies don't know the negative effect of antidepressants

B. Andrews focused on different things from the drug companies

C. scientists have found what SSRIs do in the brain

D. Andrews' research has no medical value

3.Which of the following is TRUE about SSRIs?

A. They are used to increase the “feel-good” medical in the brain.

B. They can work even when the hippocampus can't produce new cells.

C. They create a risk of heart problems in pregnant women.

D. They are responsible for controlling mood and memory.

4.What is the text mainly about?

A. The aim of drug companies

B. The function of SSRIs

C. The side-effects of antidepressants

D. The cause of depression

 

We live in a very competitive world. Everybody seems to be competing with someone at some level. Each week we spend hours playing or watching others compete in sporting activities all over the world. We cannot help being impressed by the level of excellence that these people achieve.

In sport and business, competition encourages excellence in performance. Where there is no competition, improvement in performance is less likely. Some level of competition is a have-to in all aspects of life.

The following story makes this point.

As two friends are hiking in the forest they come across a huge, ferocious and obviously hungry bear. Its next meal has just come into sight, and they are it! The first friend calculates that the bear will catch them in 27.3 seconds. At that point, she panics, realizing there is no escape. She faces her friend, with the fear of death in her eyes. To her amazement, she observes that her friend is not scared at all. On the contrary, her friend is quickly but calmly taking off her hiking boots and putting on running shoes. “What do you think you’re doing?” the first hiker says to her companion. “You’ll never be able to run faster than that bear”. “That’s true,” says the companion, “but all I have to do is escape, faster than you.”

We all compete when the motivation is strong enough. However, competition is not the real purpose of life. Fulfilling the measure of our creation can only be achieved individually.

Most of time, we are not in competition with any other person, so we do not have to compare ourselves with others. There is only one person that can fulfill our role and that is us. This means that others cannot beat us to the finish line because there is no race. This is not to say that others do not have a similar role to us, but it is never the same. This is important to understand if we are going to enjoy life. Every human being is unique and cannot be cloned. In this, I am not referring to the body, only to the spirit, soul, or the essence of a person.

1.The first four paragraphs tell us that competition       .

A．is necessary though harmful               B．only exists in sports and business

C．is a fight against oneself                   D．is unavoidable and beneficial

2.Why is the story of two friends told in the passage?

A．To advise friends to be loyal even in competition.

B．To expose the weak side of friendship when tested.

C．To support the author’s own argument on competition.

D．To persuade people to beat others, even friends.

3.From the last two paragraphs we learn that       .

A．there is more to life than just competition

B．we don’t have to compete since we are all different

C．we have to beat others in order to survive

D．competition plays an important role in social development

4.As a whole the passage advises the readers to       .

A．realize we are living in a world of competition

B．face competition in a balanced state of mind

C．have a strong sense of being a possible winner

D．value friendship however fierce competition may be

 

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