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Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not,some people are worrying about the possibility that phones,powerlines and wi-fi could be responsible for a range of illnesses,from rashes to brain tumors.

For example,Camilla Rees,48,a former investment banker in the US,moved out of her apartment in San Francisco because of the radiation coming from next door.Rees told the Los Angeles Times that when her neighbors moved in and installed a wi-fi router she lost her ability to think clearly.“I would wake up dizzy in the morning.I’d fall to the floor.I had to leave to escape that nightmare,” she saiD. Since then,she’s been on a campaign against low-level electromagnetic fields,or EMFs(低频电磁场).

And she’s not alone.Millions of people say they suffer from headaches,depression,nausea and rashes when they’re too close to cellphones or other sources of EMFs.

Although the World Health Organization has officially declared that EMFs seem to pose little threat,governments are still concerneD. In fact,last April,the European Parliament called for countries to take steps to reduce exposure to EMFs.The city of San Francisco and the state of Maine are currently considering requiring cancer-warning labels on cellphones.

If these fears are reasonable,then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phones or plugging into wi-fi hotpots.

Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties.David Carpenter,a professor of environmental health sciences at the University at Albany,in New York,thinks there’s a greater than 95% chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemiA. Also there’s a greater than 90% chance that cellphones can cause brain tumors.

But others believe these concerns are unreasonable paranoia (猜疑).Dr.Martha Linet,the head of radiation epidemiology at the US National Cancer Institute,has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion.“I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” said Linet.“We don’t have the evidence that there’s much danger.”

Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all.A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer,in 13 countries outside the US,has been underway for several years.It’s funded in part by the European Union,in part by a cellphone industry group.

According to Robert Park,a professor of physics at the University of Maryland in the US,the magnetic waves aren’t nearly powerful enough to break apart DNA,which is now known threats,such as UV rays and X-rays,cause cancer.

Perhaps it’s just psychological.Some experts find that the electro-sensitivity syndrome seems to be similar to chemical sensitivity syndrome,which is a condition that’s considered to be psychological.

Whether EMFs are harmful or not,a break in the countryside,without the cellphone,would probably be good for all of us.

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阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

How much do you hate waiting for another beer in a crowded bar? Josh Goodman invented a pretty obvious solution —self-service beer taps. Goodman, 36, recalled the exact moment in late 2008 when his frustration boiled over. "I was hanging out with my friends at a Baltimore sports bar before an Orioles(金莺队) game," he said. "We just couldn't get another beer served to us quickly."

Even more than annoyed, Goodman was struck by how much money the bar must be losing. Almost immediately, he got to work on a self-service beer concept. Within a few months, Goodman had launched Pour My Beer in Chicago (where he'd relocated to be with his wife).

He invested (投资)$20,000 of his own funds and partnered with a U.S. manufacturer to make beer tables with two to four self-service taps. In February 2009, Goodman landed his first client(客户): A Baltimore tavern. He spent the next two years growing the business and adding more bars and restaurants. In 2011, Pour My Beer introduced self-service "beer walls," which let people pour their own beer from taps on a wall.

Pour My Beer has expanded to over 200 restaurants and bars in 28 states and Canada. The concept will roll out in Chicago's O'Hare International Airport this week and in Italy and Brazil later this year. The tables start at $4,000 and the beer walls cost as much as $16,000. It generated more than $400,000 in sales in 2013 and doubled that in 2014. Goodman expects to take in close to $2 million in revenue this year(2015) —which would make it the company's first profitable(赚钱的)year. "Our business customers tell us that they've cut down on waste and they're selling twice as much beer on average," said Goodman.

1.The underlined phrase “boiled over” in Paragraph 1 probably means__________.

A. came to an end B. was extremely unbearable

C. threw up D. was too hot

2. Josh Goodman decided to invent the self-service beer taps when__________.

A. His friends advised him to do so.

B. He realized the loss in waiting for beers.

C. He set up Pour My Beer in Chicago.

D. His company started to make profits.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Goodman was a businessman before he invented the self-service beer taps.

B. Pour My Beer has expanded to over 200 restaurants in 28 states and Australia.

C. Goodman did his business all by himself at first.

D. Goodman’s company will make more profits in the future.

4.Which of the following can best describe Josh Goodman?

A. far-sighted B. strong-willed

C. kind-hearted D. bad-tempered

Very soon a computer will be able to teach you English. It will also be able to translate any language for you,too. It's just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors - those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as "silicon chips". So give up going to classes, stop buying more textbooks and relax. In a couple of years you won't need the international language of English.

Already Texas Instruments in the United States is developing an electronic translation machine. Imagine a Spanish secretary, for example, who wants to type a letter from the boss to a businessman in Sweden. All he or she will have to do is this: first type the letter in Spanish. The letter will appear on a television screen. After a few seconds the translated letter will appear on another television screen in Stockholm in perfect Swedish.

And that's not all. Soon a computer will be able to teach you English, if you really want to learn the language. You'll sit in front of a television screen and practice endless structures. The computer will tell you when you are correct and when you are wrong. It will even talk to you because the silicon chips can change electrical impulses into sounds. And clever programmers can predict the responses you, the learner, are likely to make.

So think of it.You will be able to teach yourself at your own pace.You will waste very little time,and you can work at home.And if after all that,you still can't speak English,you can always use the translating machine.In a few years,therefore,perhaps there will be no need for BBC Modern English,or BBC English by Radio programmes - no more textbooks or teachers of English.Instead of buying an exciting new textbook,the computer will ask you to replace it with a microprocessor.Fast,reliable and efficient language learning and translating facilities will be available to you.Think of that,no more tears or embarrassing moments.One little problem is that a computer can't laugh yet - but the scientists are working on it.Happy learning!

1.According to the writer, "you won't need the international language of English" because _____.

A. learning English will no longer be a difficult task

B. textbooks are no longer necessary

C. it's better to buy a computer than to go to classes

D. the computer will be able to translate any language for you

2.You will _____ if you use a computer to learn the language.

A. waste much of your time

B. speak better English

C. need no translating machine

D. do everything at your own pace

3.This passage is mainly about _____

A. someone who learns English with the help of a computer

B. the computer teaching the language

C. fast, reliable and efficient language learning

D. what language learning could be like when computerized

Pat O’Burke was a poor Irishman with a large family, and one morning, waking up very early from cold and hunger, he decided to go shooting in a wood near his cottage. The wood belonged to Lord Northwood, a rich gentleman, Pat had no right to go there, but in it there were swarms of rabbits and flocks of birds that were good to eat, and Pat determined to take the risk. Suddenly he saw the owner, with a group of friends, coming towards him in the wood. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face as he caught sight of the gun in Pat's hands. Pat's heart sank with fear, but he saw there was no hope of escape, so he walked boldly(大胆) up to the company and said to Lord Northwood, “Good morning, sir, and what has brought you out so early this morning?” Lord Northwood, rather surprised, said he and his Mends were taking a little exercise to get an appetite(食欲) for their breakfast. Then, looking at Pat with suspicion(怀疑), he said, “but why are you out so early in the morning?” “Well, sir” said Pat, “I just came out to see if I could get a breakfast for my appetite.” The whole crowed burst into laughter at Pat's ready wit(机智,风趣), and with a smile Lord Northwood walked on, leaving Pat to try his luck with the rabbits.

1.This is a story about _____.

A. a rich man who owned a big wood

B. a poor Irishman who lived all by himself

C. a clever man who tried to get something to eat

D. an Irish hunter with a large family

2.There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face. Why?

A. He was not expecting Pat at this early hour.

B. He knew Pat was coming for shooting.

C. He didn't like the poor Irishman at all.

D. Pat had not told him he would come.

3.Why was Lord Northwood surprised?

A. He had not expected such a bold question from Pat.

B. He wondered why Pat didn't run away.

C. Pat wasn't afraid of him.

D. Pat had a gun in his hands.

4.What made the whole crowd burst into laughter?

A. Pat's funny looks

B. Pat's interesting remarks

C. Pat's quick and humorous response

D. Pat's promise to leave fight away

For some years the big drugmakers have been worrying about an approaching "patent cliff"—a fall in sales as the patents on their most popular pills expire or are struck down by legal challenges, with few new potential blockbusters to take their place. This week the patent on the best-selling drug in history expired—Lipitor, an anti-cholesterol pill which earned Pfizer nearly $11 billion in revenues last year.In all, pill like Lipitor with a combined $170 billion in annual sales will go off-patent by the end of 2015.

What is supposed to happen now is that lots of copycat firms rush in with "generic" (ie, chemically identical) versions of Lipitor at perhaps one-fifth of its price.Patients and health-care payers should reap the benefit.Pfizer's revenues should suffer. The same story will be repeated many times, as other best-selling drugs march over the patent cliff

But generics makers may face delays getting their cheaper versions to market.Ranbaxy, a Japanese-owned drugmaker, struggled to get regulators' approval for its generic version of Lipitor, and only won it on the day the patent expired.More importantly, research-based drug firms are using a variety of tactics to make the patent cliff slope more gently. Jon Leibowitz, chairman of America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC), is concerned by drugmakers filing additional patents on their products to put off the day when their protection expires.

Another tactic(策略) is "pay-for-delay", in which a drugmaker facing a legal challenge to its patent pays its would-be competitor to put off introducing its cheaper copy. In the year to October the FTC identified what it believes to be 28 such settlements. American and European regulators are looking into these deals. However, legal challenges against them have been delayed, and a bill to ban them is stuck in Congress.

To encourage generics makers to challenge patents on drugs, and introduce cheaper copies,

an American law passed in 1984 says that the first one to do so will get a 180-day exclusivity period,in which no other generics maker can sell versions of the drug in question, as Ranbaxy supposedly won with Lipitor.

However, Pfizer is exploiting a loophole(空子) in the 1984 law, which lets it appoint a second, authorised copycat—in this case, Watson, another American firm.According to BernsteinResearch, under the deal between the two drugmakers Pfizer will receive about 70% of Watson's revenues from its approved copy of Lipitor.More unusual, Pfizer has cut the price of its original version, and will keep marketing it vigorously. So Ranbaxy faces not one, but two competitors.

All this may raise Pfizer's sales by nearly $500m in the last half of 2015 compared with what they would otherwise have been, says Tim Anderson of BernsteinResearch, with revenues then falling after the 180 days are over. Others fear that Pfizer's tactics , if copied, will make the 180-day exclusivity period worth far less, and thus discourage generic firms from challenging patents in the first place.

1.The underlined word “blockbusters” in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______’

A. pills that sell very well

B. new patents to appear

C. drugmakers to compete with Pfizer

D. challenges which Pfizer has to face

2.What is the tactic mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A. Legal challenges against expired patents have been paid for putting off the cheaper copy.

B. Bills to prohibit generic makers have been stuck in Congress.

C. Drugmakers try to spend money delaying filing additional patents on popular pills

D. Patent-holders give possible competitors money to prevent more losses.

3.Pfizer exploit a loophole in the 1984 law mainly by ________.

A.marketing Lipitor more actively

B. making the price of Lipitor go up

C. cooperating with Watson to beat Ranbaxy

D. encouraging Watson to produce cheaper copies

4. How many tactics are adopted by patent-holders in the passage?

A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

5.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A. Drugmakers’ struggle

B. Generic makers’ dilemma

C. Laws concerning patent protection

D. Popular pills of Pfizer

One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon----it’s already here.

While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customer for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.

Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

1.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to .

A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes

B. obtain more convenient services than other people do

C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper

D. cash money where he wishes to

2.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that .

A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards

B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today

C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash

D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before

3.The phrase “ring up sales” most probably means .

A. make an order of goods

B. record sales on a cash register

C. call the sales manager

D. keep track of the goods in stock

4.It can be inferred that .

A. computers will bring disaster

B. computer industry will not develop faster

C. computers will bring about more convenience to people’s life

D. None

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