Question

Almost every child is scared of something, from monsters in the cupboard to dogs in the park. But the fact that such fears are common and normal doesn’t mean they can be taken lightly. Kids experience fears and phobias (恐惧症) much more strongly than adults. And the influence of the fear can be physical as well as psychological (心理的). It can build up so they almost seem scared of everything-a kind of childhood anxiety. Dr. Creswell says:"Your child may always seem to expect the worst to happen and lack confidence in his or her ability to deal with any challenge.” So don’t make the same old mistake of treating them as if they’re silly for being “a scared cat”（胆小鬼）. Handing the fears is essential.
Children can be born nervous and., if you have such a baby, you’ll tend to prevent them from getting worried. So if they fear dogs, you’ll keep them away from dogs, but in fact that can just confirm to the child that dogs are scary. What is worse, keeping your child away from what they fear can turn that feeling into a phobia. Instead, you should encourage them to get in touch with the thing they fear, in a safe and supportive environment. Dr. Andy Field, a researcher of childhood fears, says: “You shouldn’t force, for example, a dog anxious child to go up to a dog. But you can approach it yourself, show them there is nothing to be afraid of, stroke (抚摸) it, and talk about the dog being friendly. Once your child dares to stroke a dog-one that’s good with children, of course-then you should encourage them to carry on until they feel calmer, and reward them for ‘being brave’.”

1. 1.
   Children’s fears are usually taken lightly because     .
   1. A.
      they will not develop into phobias
   2. B.
      their influence is psychological
   3. C.
      they exist widely in the world
   4. D.
      they will disappear gradually
2. 2.
   If we fail to help children to overcome fears, they will    .
   1. A.
      make the same old mistake
   2. B.
      overcome them by themselves
   3. C.
      experience the worst of things
   4. D.
      grow up lacking self-confidence
3. 3.
   According to Dr. Andy Field, if a child is afraid of a cat, parents should     .
   1. A.
      tell the child not to be afraid of it
   2. B.
      show the child how to approach it
   3. C.
      keep the child away from it
   4. D.
      ask the child to stroke it

Answer 1

CDB
1.细节理解题。由文章第二句“But the fact such fears are common and normal doesn’t mean they can be taken lightly.”可知，虽然这种恐惧很常见且平常，但不应该轻视。言下之意，因为这种情况很常见，所以没有引起人们注意。比较四个选项可知， C选项的意思与文章最为贴切，因此，C选项是正确答案。
2.推理判断题。由文章第五句“It can build up so they almost seem scared of everything—a kind childhood anxiety.”可知这种恐惧能够加强，导致他们害怕一切事物。因此，如果我们不帮助孩子们克服这种恐惧，那他们可能有变得什么都怕，对自己没有一点儿信心。结合四个选项，可知D项为正确答案。
3.推理判断题。由文章最后几句Dr Andy Field 说的话可知，他不主张强迫孩子接触他们害怕的事物，但可以循序渐进地让他们知道，其实没什么可怕的。比较四个选项，A选项属于单纯地说教，不起什么作用，排除。B选项与原文意思一致。C选项恰恰是错误的做法，D选项过于直接，难以起到好的效果，也不是家长应该做的。另外答案在原文“Instead, you should encourage them to get in touch with the thing they fear, in a safe and supportive environment.”中的get in touch with和approach基本属于同意替换，因此B选项是正确答案。