题目内容

Brazil has become one. of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint ef?forts to reduce birth rates, Brazil had better results without re?ally trying, says George Martine at Harvard.

Brazil’s population growth rate dropped from 2. 99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1. 93% a year between 198 land 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2. 7 chil?dren on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (肥皂剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in low?ering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest produc?ers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television net?work, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

Although they have never really tried to work in a mes?sage towards the problems of reproduction, they describe mid?dle and upper class values: not many children, women work?ing, says Martine. They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attrac?tive package.

Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. " This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incom?patible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction," says Mar?tine.

1. According to the passage, Brazil has lowered its population growth ________.

A. by educating its citizens　 B. by careful family planning

C. by limiting birth rate         　　　　 D. by chance

2. According to the passage, many Third World countries

A. are unwilling to control the birth rate.

B. are willing to join Brazil in controlling their birth rate soon

C. haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population

D. haven’t realized the importance of TV plays in family planning

3. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate be?cause ________.

A. they educate people.

B. they have gradually changed people’s way of life

C. people are drawn to their attractive package

D. they popularize birth control measures

4. What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s population growth?

A. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.

B. The increase in birth rate will be controlled.

C. Consumption goes with reproduction.

D. A country ‘s production is limited by its population growth.

　 5. According to the passage, soap operas show that they have ____in the middle class.

　 A. one or two babies.　　　 B. many babies　　　 C. only a boy　 D. only a girl

 

DCBAA

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阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Biofuels

　　Biofules have been around as long as cars have．At the start of the 20th century, Henry Ford planned to fuel his Model Ts with ethanol(乙醇)．But discoveries of huge petroleum deposits(储量)kept gasoline and diesel(柴油)cheap for decades, and biofucls were largely forgotten．However, with the recent rise in oil prices, along with growing concern about global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions, biofuels have been regaining popularity．

　　Gasoline and diesel are actually ancient biofuels．But they are known as fossil fuels because they are made from plants and animals that have been buried in the ground for millions of years．Biofuels are similar, except that they're made form plants grown today．

　　Much of the gasoline in the United States in blended with a biofuel-ethanol．Countries around the world are using various kinds of biofuels．For decades, Brazil has turned sugarcane into ethanol, and some cars there can run on pure ethanol rather than as additive to fossil fuels．

　　On the face of it, biofuels look line a great solution．Since plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grown crops grown for biofuels should suck up about as much carbon dioxide as comes out of the tailpipes of cars that burn these fuels．And unlike underground oil reserves, biofuels are a renewable resource since we can always grow more crops to turn into fuel．

　　Unfortunately, it's not so simple．The process of growing the crops, making fertilizers and pesticides, and processing the plants into me!consumes a lot of energy．Also, because much of the energy used in production comes from coal and natural gas, biofiiels don't replace as much oil as they use．


B
Brazil is a federation that consists of twenty-six states and one federal district. The biggest majority of Brazil’s population belongs to the Christian religion and almost all of them are Catholics. This is something Brazil inherited(继承) being Portugal’s colony(殖民地).
Historically, the country was a colony claimed by people from Portugal and this made Portuguese the official language. The Portuguese reached Brazil in 1500 and until that moment it was inhabited by semi-nomadic(半游牧的) people. The Portuguese changed Brazil into a country of slaves until 1800, when Maria I of Portugal came to live to Brazil. The Queen did not stay long in Brazil, but during the 20 years of royal presence a lot of changes occurred: commercial ports to United Kingdom were opened; Brazil stopped being isolated(孤立) from other countries. So at the moment of getting the independence on the 7th of September, 1822, Brazil already had the potential to develop. The Brazilian Empire, Pedro I, abolished slavery in 1888 in the face of Princess Isabel. A lot of European people started coming to Brazil and the industry of the country started working. In the 19th and the 20th century as it has been said above foreign people immigrated(移民) to Brazil and basically 5 million European and Japanese people became the residents of Brazil. The beginning of the 20th century was especially marked by the immigration of a lot of Asian people: Japanese, Korean and Chinese immigrants. As a matter of fact Japanese people do not immigrate a lot, and the fact that the Brazilian-Japanese people are the largest Japanese minority in the world does astonish greatly.
The majority of the cultural inherits of Brazil are actually Portuguese, due to the fact that Brazil was Portugal’s colony for a very long time. The southern states mainly consist of European population and the north and the northeast consist of a mixed population including Africans, Amerindians and Europeans. Most of this population is Roman Catholic. No other country in the world has the same amount of Catholics. The modern tendency of Brazil is the growing number of people calling themselves Protestants. Around 7.4% of the population don’t believe any god. Some Brazilians, especially in the northern states are mixed Africans who prefer following the traditional African religions. Only 1.8% of the population chose Buddhism, Islam or Judaism.
Though Brazil always tried to maintain democracy, it was failed several times by the dictatorship（独裁） of Getulo Vargas. This fact could not affect the political situation in the country.
61. Brazil was ruled by Portuguese about ______.
A. 22 years        B. 300 years      C. 322 years       D. 328 years
62.Who might block the development of Brazil?
A. Maria I     B. Pedro I     C. immigrants    D. Getulo Vargas
63. The writer mainly tells us the ______ of Brazil in the passage.
A. religion     B. history     C. culture    D. political situation
64．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Brazil was isolated from other countries when Maria I stayed there.
B. The industry of the country started working in 1888.
C. Brazil has the largest population of Catholics in the world.
D. Some people in Brazil don’t believe any god.
65. It can be inferred that Brazil is a country with ________.
A. western culture B. modern culture   C. traditional culture   D. mixed culture


第三部分阅读理解（共25小题；每小题2分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Brazil sports are out of control! Brazil may be one of the most sport-crazy countries in the world. Whether you are into watching or playing, Brazil sports have a lot to offer everyone.
Football in Brazil is more than a sport. It’s a way of life. Football is popular in Brazil for several reasons. One reason is that it is fast paced and fun to watch. This is the reason why the World Cup Soccer is the most watched sports event in the world aside from the Summer Olympics. Also, you don't need anything to play soccer except for something to kick, and a big area in which to play. Few will argue if you say that Brazil leads the world in football. No nation has won as many world cups as Brazil.
Volleyball is a close second in Brazil sports. In the world of international volleyball, Brazil wins many championships of all kinds, including indoor and beach volleyball. Brazil has nearly 5,000 miles coastline. If you go to a beach in Brazil, there will always be a volleyball game going on somewhere, and usually two or three.
Footvolley was created in Brazil in the 1960s. It is a mix of football and volleyball, where the players must use their feet and head to get the ball over the net and into the opponents’ courts, and is also played in sand. It is one of the most popular beach sports in Brazil.
Swimming, tennis, rugby, boxing, judo, sailing, golf, surfing, and handball are all greatly popular in Brazil.
41. We can infer that this passage was written to _______________.
A. explain why football is so popular in Brazil
B. encourage us to do sports as people in Brazil do
C. tell us the history of several sports in Brazil
D. introduce several very popular sports in Brazil
42. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 suggest?
A. Sports are extremely popular in Brazil.
B. All kinds of sports are played in Brazil.
C. Brazil athletes are out of control.
D. Brazil athlets are not well educated.
43. From Paragraph 2, we learn most people believe that______________.
A. football is the most ppopular sport in every country
B. people don’t need anything to play soccer
C. Brazil has won every World Cup Soccer
D. Brazil leads the world in football
44. According to the writer, what is the second most popular sport in Brazil?
A.Football.     B.Volleyball   C. Footvolley   D. Tennis
45. Which of the following statements about footvolley in Brazil is WRONG?
A. It has a history of more than 100 years.
B. It is a mix of football and volleyball.
C. It is a very popular beach sport in Brazil.
D. Players can touch the ball with their feet.

 Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth, but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.

　　Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

　　Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

　　“Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards life, women working,” says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people aware of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.”

1.According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth _____.

A．by educating its citizens

B．by careful family planning

C．by developing TV programmes

D．by chance

2.What can you infer from the passage about many Third World countries ?

A．They haven’t attached much importance to birth control.

B．They would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate.

C．They haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population.

D．They neglected the role of TV plays in family planning

3.Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate because ______.

A．they keep people sitting long hours watching TV

B．they have gradually changed people’s way of life

C．people are drawn to their attractive package

D．they popularize birth control measures

 

B

Brazil is a federation that consists of twenty-six states and one federal district. The biggest majority of Brazil’s population belongs to the Christian religion and almost all of them are Catholics. This is something Brazil inherited(继承) being Portugal’s colony(殖民地).

Historically, the country was a colony claimed by people from Portugal and this made Portuguese the official language. The Portuguese reached Brazil in 1500 and until that moment it was inhabited by semi-nomadic(半游牧的) people. The Portuguese changed Brazil into a country of slaves until 1800, when Maria I of Portugal came to live to Brazil. The Queen did not stay long in Brazil, but during the 20 years of royal presence a lot of changes occurred: commercial ports to United Kingdom were opened; Brazil stopped being isolated(孤立) from other countries. So at the moment of getting the independence on the 7th of September, 1822, Brazil already had the potential to develop. The Brazilian Empire, Pedro I, abolished slavery in 1888 in the face of Princess Isabel. A lot of European people started coming to Brazil and the industry of the country started working. In the 19th and the 20th century as it has been said above foreign people immigrated(移民) to Brazil and basically 5 million European and Japanese people became the residents of Brazil. The beginning of the 20th century was especially marked by the immigration of a lot of Asian people: Japanese, Korean and Chinese immigrants. As a matter of fact Japanese people do not immigrate a lot, and the fact that the Brazilian-Japanese people are the largest Japanese minority in the world does astonish greatly.

The majority of the cultural inherits of Brazil are actually Portuguese, due to the fact that Brazil was Portugal’s colony for a very long time. The southern states mainly consist of European population and the north and the northeast consist of a mixed population including Africans, Amerindians and Europeans. Most of this population is Roman Catholic. No other country in the world has the same amount of Catholics. The modern tendency of Brazil is the growing number of people calling themselves Protestants. Around 7.4% of the population don’t believe any god. Some Brazilians, especially in the northern states are mixed Africans who prefer following the traditional African religions. Only 1.8% of the population chose Buddhism, Islam or Judaism.

Though Brazil always tried to maintain democracy, it was failed several times by the dictatorship（独裁） of Getulo Vargas. This fact could not affect the political situation in the country.

61. Brazil was ruled by Portuguese about ______.

A. 22 years        B. 300 years      C. 322 years       D. 328 years

62.Who might block the development of Brazil?

A. Maria I     B. Pedro I     C. immigrants    D. Getulo Vargas

63. The writer mainly tells us the ______ of Brazil in the passage.

A. religion     B. history     C. culture    D. political situation

64．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Brazil was isolated from other countries when Maria I stayed there.

B. The industry of the country started working in 1888.

C. Brazil has the largest population of Catholics in the world.

D. Some people in Brazil don’t believe any god.

65. It can be inferred that Brazil is a country with ________.

A. western culture B. modern culture   C. traditional culture   D. mixed culture

 

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