题目内容

(B)

People can be addicted to different things — e.g. alcohol, drug, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive: they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending large amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.

There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.

It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy(疗法)” to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

60.According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of

    money _____.

    A. and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys

    B. in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life

    C. just to meet his or her strong psychological need

    D. and feels he or she is cheated

61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

    A. People spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things.

B. Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of people’s spending habits to

   increase sales.

    C. Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do.

    D. Compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.

62. What is the text mainly about?

A. The psychology of money-spending habits. 

B. The habits of compulsive spenders.

    C. A special psychology of bargain hunting.

    D. The use of the psychology of spending habits in business.

63.From the text we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters

    _______________.

    A. are really unreasonable           B. need special treatment

    C. are really beyond drugs          D. can never get any help to solve their problems with money

60---63   CBAB  

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  Bali is a tiny island that is part of Indonesia(印度尼西亚) today. It is a pretty island that has many mountains and a pleasant climate. For a long time, Bali was cut off from much of the world.

The people of Bali were happy and had a peaceful life. They were not allowed to fight. At one time there had been terrible wars on Bali. Then the people decided it was wrong to fight or have wars. They made rules to keep apart those people who wanted to fight.

Bali was divided into seven small kingdoms. The land around each kingdom was kept empty, and no one lived there. Since the kingdoms did not share the same borders(边界), the people could not fight about them.

On Bali, even children were not allowed to fight. If two children started a fight over a toy, someone separated them. When two boys argued, they would agree not to speak to each other. Sometimes they did not talk together for months; this gave the boys a chance to forget their anger.

Families who were angry with each other also promised not to speak. Their promise was written down, and the whole village knew about it. If they broke their promise, they had to offer gifts to their gods.

Bali is an island belonging to ________.

A. Europe        B. Africa          C. Asia          D. America

The people of Bali ______.

A. lived a happy and peaceful life

B. fought for a long time

C. is cut off from much of the world

D. quarreled about their borders

How did the people of Bali prevent fighting from breaking out?

A. They shared the same borders.            

B. The island was divided into seven kingdoms.

C. They made strict rules to punish those who wanted to fight. 

D. Land was kept empty around each kingdom and no one lived there.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Bali is a beautiful island with many mountains and nice weather.

B. People had to offer gifts to the villagers if they broke their promise.

C. At one time there were terrible wars on the island.

D. You’ll hardly see children fighting on the island.

Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 AM. When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window.

I walked to the door and knocked, “Just a minute,” answered a weak, elderly voice.

After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase.

I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.

She kept thanking me for my kindness. “It’s nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”

“Oh, you’re such a good man.” She said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?”

“It’s not the shortest way,” I answered quickly.

“Oh, I’m in no hurry,” she said. “I’m on my way to a hospice(临终医院). I don’t have any family left. The doctor says I don’t have very long.”

I quietly reached over and shut off the meter(计价器).

For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl.

Sometimes she’d ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.

At dawn, she suddenly said,” I’m tired. Let’s go now.”

We drove in silence to the address she had given me.

“How much do I owe you?” she asked.

“Nothing.” I said.

“You have to make a living,” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered.

Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held onto me tightly. Our hug ended with her remark, “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.”

The old woman chose to ride through the city in order to ______.

A. show she was familiar with the city                    B. see some places for the last time

C. let the driver earn more money                             D. reach the destination on time

The taxi driver did not charge the old woman because he ______.

A. wanted to do her a favor                              

B. shut off the meter by mistake

C. had received her payment in advance

D. was in a hurry to take other passengers

What can we learn from the story?

A. Giving is always a pleasure.

B. People should respect each other.

C. An act of kindness can bring people great joy.

D. People should learn to appreciate others’ concern.

C

The computer is fast, and never makes a mistake, while people are too slow, and full of mistakes sometimes. That’s what people often say when they talk about computers. For over a quarter of a century, scientists have been making better and better computers. Now a computer can do a lot of everyday jobs wonderfully. It is widely used in factories, hospitals, post office and airports. A computer can report, decide and control in almost every field. Many computer scientists are now thinking of making the computer “think” like a man. With the help of a person, a computer can draw pictures, write music, talk with people, play chess, recognize voice, translate languages and so on. Perhaps computer will one day really think and feel. Do you think the people will be afraid when they find that the computer too clever to listen to and serve the people?

63. A computer is clever because people are _____

A. clever    B. not clever   C. slow  D.making mistakes

64. Which of the following can computers not do now?

A. Draw pictures   B. Talk    C. Invent new things    D.Serve the people

65. What will happen in the future?

A. Most work will be done by the computer.     B. People will no longer use computer.

C. Computers will be used only talk with people.   D. All computers will be put into prison.

66. The passage is written to __________.

A. warn people of the danger of the computer

B. tell people about the computer

C. tell people about computer scientists

D. show how to use the computer

67. The best title for this passage is _________.

A. “Computers”        B. “Computer Scientists”

C. “The Future World”   D. “Talk With Computers”

 

III. 阅读 (共两节,满分40分)

第一节:阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

As goods and services improved, people were persuaded to spend their money on changing from old to new, and found the change worth the expense. When an airline equipped itself with jets, for example, its costs (and therefore air fare) would go up, but the new planes meant such an improvement that the higher cost was justified. A new car (or wireless, washing machine, electric kettle) made life so much more comfortable than the old one that the high cost of replacement was fully repaid. Manufacturers still cry their goods as persuasively as ever, but are the improvements really worth paying for? In many fields, things have now reached such a high standard of performance that further progress is very limited and very, very expensive. Airlines, for example, go to enormous expense in buying the latest prestige jets, in which vast research costs have been spent on relatively small improvements. If we abandon these vast costs we might lose the chance of cutting minutes away from flying times; but wouldn’t it be better to see airfares drop dramatically, as capital costs become relatively insignificant? Again, in the context of a 70 m. p. h. Limit, with lines of cars traveling so close as to control each other’s speeds, improvements in performance are actually irrelevant; improvements in handling are unnecessary, as most production cars grip(抓牢) the road perfectly, and comfort has now reached a very high level. Small improvements here are unlikely to be worth the thousands that anybody replacing an ordinary family car every two years may have spent on them. Let us instead have cars — or wireless, electric kettles, washing machines, television sets — which are made to last, and not to be replaced. Significant progress is obviously a good thing, but the insignificant progression from model-change to model-change is not.

1. The author is obviously challenging the social norm (社会规范) that ________________.

A. it is important to improve goods and services

B. development of technology makes our life more comfortable

C. it is reasonable that prices are going up all the time

D. slightly improved new products are worth buying

2. According to this passage, airfares may rise because ______________.

A. the airplane has been improved

B. people tend to travel by new airplanes

C. the change is found to be reasonable

D. the service on the airplane is better than before

3. According to the author, passengers would be happier if they ____________.

A. could fly in the latest model of good planes

B. could get tickets at much lower prices

C. see the airlines make vital changes in their services

D. could spend less time flying in the air

4. When manufactures have improved the performance of their products to a certain level, then it would be _______________.

A. justified for them to cut the price

B. unnecessary for them to make any new changes

C. difficult and costly to further better them

D. insignificant for them to cut down the research costs

5. In the case of cars, the author advises that we _____________.

A. cancel the speed limit                       B. further improve their performance

C. change models every two years          D. improve their durability (耐久性)

 

Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of a lift operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?

Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect higher quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform is likely to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform.

What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a hairdresser, or a waiter to lose professional identity(职业身份) than to step out of uniform?

Primary among the argument against uniforms in their lack of variety and the loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they are likely to think ,speak, and act similarly on the job at least. Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes, Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain , requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with types of civilian clothes.

60  People are likely to think that a man in uniform_________.

A.  suggests quality work

B.  shows his social position

C.  appears to be more practical

D.  looks more fresh and attractive

61 Those who are against uniforms believe that people wearing uniforms_________.      

A.  are usually helpful                B.  have little freedom

C.  lose personal character             D.  enjoy greater popularity

62  It can be concluded from the passage that_________.

A.  people generally trust a person in uniform

B.people enjoy wearing comfortable uniform

C.the cost of the uniform is acceptable to people

D.people wear uniforms to show their professions

63  The underlined sentence tells us that_________.

A.  it’s impossible that people can be recognized more easily by their uniforms

B.people’s identity can be recognized more easily by their uniforms

C.nurses and policemen must wear uniforms when working

D.people in those professions act in an easier way without uniforms

 

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