题目内容
1.FROM dogs and cats to pandas and penguins,lists of adorable animals can be very varied.However,when it comes to scary animals,the answers are often more or less the same-snakes and spiders are among the most dreadful ones for the majority of us.However,most of us have never been bitten by a snake or a spider.So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?
Scientists have been actively looking into it for a long time.For example,studies have suggested that babies find live animals much more interesting than stuffed (毛绒填充的) ones.This interest continues even if those animals are snakes and spiders.
A study published in Psychological Science in 2008seemed to show that snakes did have a different impact on babies.When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices,they found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded.
Now,a team from Rutgers University in New Jersey,US has tried to challenge the idea that babies are born with a fear of snakes and spiders.According to the BBC,the researchers measured babies'physiological (生理的) responses as they watched videos of snakes and elephants paired with both fearful and happy voices.
Scientists then set out to surprise the babies to see how they would react.They presented them with an unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video.As the BBC explained,a surprise like this would be more intense (强烈的) if the babies were already scared,just like when we watch scary films and jump more if we are already scared.
However,according to their findings,published recently in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,babies'surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake,even when it was shown with a fearful voice.Their heart response was also lower,which also made it seem that babies were not scared.
"Children do not have an innate fear of snakes,"concluded the study.Even if previous studies had suggested that babies have different responses to snakes,it isn't necessarily related to fear."It's possible that paying more attention to something might make fear learning easier later on.It leads to fear learning,"said research co-author Vanessa LoBue.She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didn't have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infant's desire to explore new things less strong.
Instead,we have evolved to quickly learn to be afraid of something if it turns out to be dangerous.
62.What is the article mainly about?B
A.How people's fear of snakes and spiders has evolved.
B.Whether humans are born with a fear of snakes and spiders.
C.Why snakes and spiders are considered the most dreadful animals.
D.How babies react differently from adults to snakes and spiders.
63.What was the finding of the study published in Psychological Science in 2008?D
A.The longer babies looked at snakes in the video,the less scared they were.
B.The fearful voices babies heard when watching snake videos doubled their fear of snakes.
C.Babies'responses to the snake in the videos were greatly affected by the types of voices they heard.
D.Babies took more interest in snakes than the other animals in the videos regardless of which human voices they heard.
64.The underlined word"innate"in the second-to-last paragraph is the closest in meaning toA.
A.from birth B.from learning C.lasting D.immediate
65.How did babies react when the researchers from Rutgers University surprised them while they were watching a video of a snake?C
A.They paid more attention to the snakes when they heard a fearful voice.
B.Babies'heart responses changed slightly when they heard a fearful voice.
C.A fearful voice didn't make their surprised response become more intense.
D.They became more scared when they experienced an unexpected bright flash of light.
66.According to Vanessa LoBue,since babies don't have an inborn fear of snakes,B
A.it would make it easier for them to learn fear
B.it would make them more willing to explore new things
C.it would lead them to stay away from dangerous things
D.it would encourage them not to be afraid of anything.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了研究发现,婴儿没有对蛇有天生的恐惧,这会使他们更愿意探索新事物.
解答 62.B.主旨大意题.根据第二段So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things可知文章主要讲人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛;故选B.
63.D.细节理解题.根据第四段When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices,they found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded可知无论在哪种声音环境下,孩子对蛇的兴趣大于其他动物;故选D.
64.A.词义猜测题.根据倒数第二段Children do not have an innate fear of snakes,"concluded the study可知孩子们没有对蛇与生俱来的恐惧;意为生来;故选A.
65.C.细节理解题.根据第七段babies'surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake,even when it was shown with a fearful voice可知孩子的心脏反应变化不大,当他们听到一个可怕的声音;故选C.
66.B.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didn't have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infant's desire to explore new things less strong可知婴儿没有对蛇有天生的恐惧这会使他们更愿意探索新事物;故选B.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
A. | Now that | B. | Even though | C. | No matter how | D. | Except that |
A. | It,that who | B. | It,who | C. | That,who that | D. | What,whose who |
A. | how; that | B. | that; what | C. | whether; what | D. | what; that |