题目内容
18.Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behaviour when they are watched.Do you?A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act.Even images of eyes on a charity donation,collection box encourage people to be unselfish,because people put more money in a collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.
Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin,the authors of a new study,found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour.Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously,or without realising it.
It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched.A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish.When other fish are around,it is gentler.When no other fish are around,however,the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.
The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched.This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster.On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing,it appeared,to the person who was looking at the poster.Under the picture was the caption'I Want You'It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.
46.According to the report,why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?D
A.He does not want to be shamed by others.
B.He needs to show he is a good person.
C.He desires others to like him more.
D.He feels he will receive some social reward.
47.The underlined word'coded'(paragraph 3)is closest in meaning toB.
A.hidden
B.programmed
C.forgotten
D.leaned
48.What is the text mainly about?A
A.It describes changed behaviour when observed.
B.It details ways to control people's behaviour.
C.It tells how to make people work harder.
D.It discusses different advertising methods.
49.According to the text,which of the following statements is true?C
A.People pretend to behave better when they are watched.
B.Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone.
C.People donate more money when they feel they are watched.
D.Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster.
50.Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?B
A.In a newspaper.
B.In a scientific journal.
C.In an advertising magazine.
D.In a science textbook.
分析 本文为科普类说明文,文中向读者介绍了一项新的研究发现:人们在被关注的情况向表现得更好,而且人们自己并没有意识到;这一项发现由多个例证所证明,研究人员认为这是因为人们认为他们好的行为会得到酬谢.不仅仅是人类有这样的倾向,研究人员发现一种清洁鱼也是如此;所以研究人员建议让人们正确做事的最好方法就是让他们被关注.
解答 46.D.细节理解题;由第三段中"people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour."可知,人们在被关注的情况下表现得更好,因为他们觉得他们的好行为会得到酬谢;故选D
47.B 词义猜测题.根据文章内容Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously,or without realising it.他们的报道也涉及其它研究,研究表明当人们被关注时,他们会不自觉的有更良好的行为,而此种行为是被编码而进入到人身上,换句话说人们的该种行为是被训练过的,而人们对此的反应是无意识的.结合选项,可知"人们的反应是下意识的、本能的",这种反应是人本身程序化的,潜在的功能.hidden意为"隐藏的,埋藏的",可指实物或感情.C、D不合题意.答案为B
48.A.主旨大意题;文章第一段提出,在被关注的时候,人们的行为往往会由自私转向无私;下文通过不同的例证阐述这中变化和原因,故选择A.
49.C 细节题.根据文章内容,The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched.当人们被关注的时候,他们会有更好的行为.由此推断,涉及到捐钱的时候,他们会捐赠更多,结合选项,故选C
50.B.推断题;本文是一项研新的究发现,与科学相关,排除A和C;而科研的最新成果往往首先出现在科学杂志上,故选B.
点评 本文是一个科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.