题目内容
Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance” is the term used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard’s(壁虎) flight distance, on the other hand, is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates(进入) the lion’s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion turns back and begins slowly to stalk (逼近) the man.
Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal(致命的) for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when it goes beyond its limits.
Social distance is not always rigidly(刻板的) fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother’s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shortens. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
【小题1】.
Which of the following is the correct explanation of “Flight Distance” in paragraph 1?
| A．Distance between animals of the same species before fleeing. |
| B．Distance between large and small animals before fleeing. |
| C．Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. |
| D．Distance between certain animal species before fleeing. |
If a lion’s critical distance is penetrated, it will __________.
| A．begin to attack. |
| B．try to hide. |
| C．begin to jump. |
| D．run away. |
. The example of “children holding hands when crossing the street” in the last paragraph shows that ________.
| A．social distance is not always needed. |
| B．there is no social distance among small children. |
| C．humans are different from animals in social distance. |
| D．social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors. |
. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
| A．Critical Distance |
| B．Social Distance |
| C．Relationship Between Animals |
| D．Spacing in Animals |
【小题1】.C
【小题1】.A
【小题1】.D
【小题1】.D
解析
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How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.
Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.
What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats, more American men followed his example.
There is also a cyclical(周期性的) pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.
Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.
At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous(失礼的) to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!
Fashion Change
| People’s(71) towards fashion | Ordinary people just (72) the trends of fashion passively. |
| Influences of fashion | According to magazines and TV advertisements, people are able to (73) __more confidently and with less (74)___ if they fashionably dress themselves or wear a certain(75)____ style. |
| (76) of fashion changing | Sometimes a fashion comes into (77)___because of convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person. |
| Cyclical pattern in fashion | Some old fashion can come back to(78)_____ after a certain period of time. |
| Today’s fashion | Society emphasizes more on informality than on trends. You can dress up as you(79)______ . |
| Writer’s attitude | We do need to (80)____ourselves properly on some occasions but we can never catch up with the latest fashion. |